Bio-functional nano-coatings on metallic biomaterials

Mahapatro, Anil

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.018

Cited by 104 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 454 publications

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“…In addition, the ferritic 430 stainless steel is used in surgical and dental instruments. Meanwhile, titanium alloys are used in bone replacement, load-bearing sites, hip or dental prostheses, spinal cages, and artificial hip joints [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cr2N Precipitation on the Antibacterial Properties of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Chao

Jhong

et al. 2016

Metals

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Based on their mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, some commercial Ni-Cr stainless steels have been widely applied as biomaterials, including the austenitic 304 stainless steel, the austenitic 316 stainless steel, the duplex 2205 stainless steel, and the ferritic 430 stainless steel. In order to reduce the occurrence of infections resulting from biomaterial implants, instruments, and medical devices, Cu 2+ and Ag 2+ ions have been added onto biomaterials for increasing the antibacterial properties, but they are known to damage biofilm. The occurrence of nanoparticles can also improve the antibacterial properties of biomaterials through various methods. In this study, we used Escherichia coli and analyzed the microstructures of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 430 stainless steel with a 0.18 mass % N alloy element. During a lower temperature aging, the microstructure of the as-quenched specimen is essentially a ferrite and martensite duplex matrix with some Cr 2 N precipitates formed. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of the alloy for E. coli ranged from 3% to 60%, consistent with the presence of Cr 2 N precipitates. When aged at a lower temperature, which resulted in nano-Cr 2 N precipitation, the specimen possessed the highest antibacterial activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cr2N Precipitation on the Antibacterial Properties of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Chao

Jhong

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…Nanoparticles have been shown to display amazing electromagnetic, surface optical and chemically catalytic characteristics than the macro bulk material owing to their extremely low volume to surface area ratio [4,5]. Metal nanoparticles such as silver show different colors due to their Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon.…”

Section: Silver Nano Particles (Snps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on preparation methods of SNPs and their biomedical applications

Ut¹,

Mk²,

Gvsn³

2017

Front Nanosci Nanotech

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Researchers have identified Silver Nano Particles (SNPs) as a key area of interest because of their unique shape and size dependent biomedical properties. They have discovered and invented a variety of methods for the synthesis of SNPs such as microwave irradiation techniques, laser ablation synthesis, biological synthesis, photochemical synthesis and chemical synthesis etc. In this review paper we overview the preparation of SNPs through various synthesis methods and also their applications in the bio-medical field. The main aim of this paper is to keep up to date with the myriad ongoing synthesis methods of synthesis of NPs and also examine their applications especially in the field of medicine. Silver Nano Particles (SNPs)Silver (Ag) is a white colored, lustrous looking, physically soft, transition element metal having high thermal and electrical conductivity. It has been used by humans earlier than the recorded history due to its ornamental, medical and therapeutic benefits even before realizing that microbes are the causative agents of infections. It is used by people in many forms such as solutions, foils, coins, vessels, sutures, and in colloids such as lotions, ointments etc. It is one of the most prominent therapeutic elemental agent in medicine for surgical infections and infectious diseases. The tangible advantages of silver have a bigger weightage than the intangible risk factors [1].Nanoscience is a novel multidisciplinary subject that depends on the basic physical and chemical properties displayed by nano level objects [2,3]. Nanoparticles have been shown to display amazing electromagnetic, surface optical and chemically catalytic characteristics than the macro bulk material owing to their extremely low volume to surface area ratio [4,5]. Metal nanoparticles such as silver show different colors due to their Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon. It is a group oscillatory behavior of the free electrons of the metal nanoparticles having the same frequency of the light wave interactions, resulting in resonance, causing the SPR band to form in the infrared and visible region [6]. Nanoparticles, especially the metallic ones, whose production can be done through various methods, the usual ones being physical and chemical methods. The above-mentioned methods produce high purity, well-defined nanoparticles, but the reagents used in the synthesis are hazardous, energy consuming, expensive, toxic and not suitable for physiological or ecological applications. Research regarding the synthesis of metal nanoparticles was extensively covered in the past three decades, but research of nanosynthesis , based on plant extracts, bloomed only in the last ten years [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].Silver nanoparticles are finding themselves in the limelight due to their biological, chemical and physical properties that contributes to the bactericidal and fungicidal effects, catalytic activity and finds applications in nanobiotechnological research [14,15]. Doctors are beginning to use them in wound dressings as an...

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“…7 Carbon-based nanoparticle typesmicellar, liposomal, polymeric -can be used as drug delivery vehicles for poorly soluble pharmaceuticals (e.g. albumin nanoparticles for delivery of paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic breast cancer), 8 peptides, nucleotides and genes, 9,10 and can be used in implants, 11 vaccines, 12 and in regenerative medicine. 13 Reformulation of approved drugs with nanoparticles can limit systemic toxicities by improved targeting and cellular uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert perspectives on potential environmental risks from nanomedicines and adequacy of the current guideline on environmental risk assessment

Mahapatra

Clark

Dobson

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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In the next couple of decades, nanotechnology-enabled healthcare applications will significantly influence the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human diseases. Since pharmaceutical products (PPs) have been detected in various environmental compartments, and low-level chronic exposure to PPs has induced adverse and sometimes unexpected effects on non-target organisms, the question of potential environmental risks from increased usage of nanomedical products arises. The risks and benefits to patients from nanomedicines are the focus of exhaustive evaluation by regulatory agencies; by contrast, risks to the environment from nanomedicines are only briefly considered by regulators and are rarely discussed by nanoscientists. To start to fill this gap, 66 experts from nanomedicine R&D, representatives of research funding agencies and of institutions involved in safeguarding public health and the environment were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire regarding possible hazards and risks from nanomedicine and on the adequacy of current the environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework for medicines. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed via qualitative content analysis. Experts interviewed commented that hazards were possible but risks were unlikely from nanomedicines due to expected minimal exposure. They qualified their statements by comparing risks from nanomedicine with risks from nanomaterials in other industries, conventional pollutants and larger global issues like climate change. Regarding adequacy of the current risk framework for assessment of environmental risks from nanomedicines, perceptions of experts were more varied; some argued that complete overhaul of the ERA framework was required including changes in toxicity endpoints, whereas others suggested that the framework was adequate, though some adjustments were needed.

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Bio-functional nano-coatings on metallic biomaterials

Cited by 104 publications

References 454 publications

Effects of Cr2N Precipitation on the Antibacterial Properties of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Effects of Cr2N Precipitation on the Antibacterial Properties of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

A review on preparation methods of SNPs and their biomedical applications

Expert perspectives on potential environmental risks from nanomedicines and adequacy of the current guideline on environmental risk assessment

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