Bio‐inspired adhesive hydrogel for biomedicine—principles and design strategies

Abstract

The adhesiveness of hydrogels is urgently required in various biomedical applications such as medical patches, tissue sealants, and flexible electronic devices. However, biological tissues are often wet, soft, movable, and easily damaged. These features pose difficulties for the construction of adhesive hydrogels for medical use. In nature, organisms adhere to unique strategies, such as reversible sucker adhesion in octopuses and nontoxic and firm catechol chemistry in mussels, which provide many inspirations for medical hydrogels to overcome the above challenges. In this review, we systematically classify bioadhesion strategies into structure‐related and molecular‐related ones, which cover almost all known bioadhesion paradigms. We outline the principles of these strategies and summarize the corresponding designs of medical adhesive hydrogels inspired by them. Finally, conclusions and perspectives concerning the development of this field are provided. For the booming bio‐inspired adhesive hydrogels, this review aims to summarize and analyze the various existing theories and provide systematic guidance for future research from an innovative perspective.

Construction of a Localized and Long-Acting CCN2 Delivery System on Percutaneous Ti Implant Surfaces for Enhanced Soft-Tissue Integration

“…MAO treatment caused a decrease in the water contact angle by 51% and no significant difference was noted in the contact angle between CCN2@MSNs-Ti and MAO-Ti, indicating that the addition of CCN2@MSNs did not affect the surface hydrophilic property. Similar to the surface roughness, the increase in surface hydrophilicity could also show enhancement in cell adhesion and spread. , …”

“…Similar to the surface roughness, the increase in surface hydrophilicity could also show enhancement in cell adhesion and spread. 35,36 Inadequate drug-release time is a major challenge faced by the release system design for the Ti implant surface. Thus, many designed release systems could only function in the early days of implantation.…”

Adhesive Composite Microspheres with Dual Antibacterial Strategies for Infected Wound Healing

“…[14,15] Besides, the preparation of these particles typically involves complex synthetic processes or the incorporation of different types of ingredients to achieve multiple functions such as wound repair, anti-infection, tissue regeneration, etc. [16][17][18][19] Therefore, novel particles with specially designed physicochemical properties and extraordinary functions are highly desired for wound healing.…”

Co-Self-Assembly of Amphiphiles into Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Tailored Morphological and Mechanical Properties

“…The formation of such nanocomposites with soft and hard phases in nature is closely related to the self-assembly process of small composites and careful interface engineering in the hierarchical structures . The natural principles also inspire researchers to create strong interfaces or adhesions between soft and hard, organic and inorganic, and living and non-living. , …”

“…5 The natural principles also inspire researchers to create strong interfaces or adhesions between soft and hard, organic and inorganic, and living and non-living. 6,7 Owing to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and tissuelike high water content, hydrogels are ideal soft materials having potential applications in biological tissues. 8,9 In addition, by incorporating ionic-or electronically conductive materials to hydrogels, they are also widely explored as conductive and stretchable materials with potential applications in smart skins, implantable devices, and wearable electronic sensors.…”