(Bio)printing in Personalized Medicine—Opportunities and Potential Benefits

Abstract

The global development of technologies now enters areas related to human health, with a transition from conventional to personalized medicine that is based to a significant extent on (bio)printing. The goal of this article is to review some of the published scientific literature and to highlight the importance and potential benefits of using 3D (bio)printing techniques in contemporary personalized medicine and also to offer future perspectives in this research field. The article is prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were used in the literature search. Six authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. This review focuses on 3D bio(printing) in personalized medicine and provides a classification of 3D bio(printing) benefits in several categories: overcoming the shortage of organs for transplantation, elimination of problems due to the difference between sexes in organ transplantation, reducing the cases of rejection of transplanted organs, enhancing the survival of patients with transplantation, drug research and development, elimination of genetic/congenital defects in tissues and organs, and surgery planning and medical training for young doctors. In particular, we highlight the benefits of each 3D bio(printing) applications included along with the associated scientific reports from recent literature. In addition, we present an overview of some of the challenges that need to be overcome in the applications of 3D bioprinting in personalized medicine. The reviewed articles lead to the conclusion that bioprinting may be adopted as a revolution in the development of personalized, medicine and it has a huge potential in the near future to become a gold standard in future healthcare in the world.

A Review of Fabrication Techniques and Optimization Strategies for Microbial Biosensors

“…With bioprinting we can accurately position biomaterials and cells to develop biosensors tailored for applications [51]. This accuracy comes in especially handy when building intricate sensor structures [52]. Miniaturized biosensors with high spatial resolution can be created through bioprinting, which makes them appropriate for uses where size is a crucial factor, like wearable or implantable devices [53].…”

High Hopes for the Biofabrication of Articular Cartilage—What Lies beyond the Horizon of Tissue Engineering and 3D Bioprinting?

“…There are many examples from colorectal [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], lung [ 67 ], breast [ 68 , 69 ], and other types of cancer [ 70 , 71 ]. Furthermore, the advantages of 3D bioprinting for regenerative medicine are also well known and yet to be fully exploited and implemented in clinical practice [ 72 ]. All this is in support of the high hopes that novel tissue biofabrication methods and strategies can overcome many challenges in the restoration of damaged tissues lacking regenerative capacity like the joints.…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Biomimetic Materials

“…[175]. Indeed, 3D printed scaffolds display all the advantages of the past techniques already able to design specific geometries, with the major benefits of enhanced resolution and customizing the production in a patient-tailored way [176]. The implementation of 3D printing technology in the field of healthcare is connected not only to the advantages in terms of faster production and wasted material decrease but also to the possibility of exploiting printing precision with surface modification methods already known from the past.…”