Bio‐Refinery as the Bio‐Inspired Process to Bulk Chemicals

Sanders, J.P.M.; Scott, Elinor L.; Weusthuis, Ruud A.; Mooibroek, H.

doi:10.1002/mabi.200600223

Cited by 228 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1; Sanders et al, 2007). This route requires non-renewable petrochemical products as raw materials and relatively harsh reaction conditions, as well as expensive catalyst systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of putrescine: A four carbon diamine

Qian

Xia

Lee

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

227

178

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A four carbon linear chain diamine, putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), is an important platform chemical having a wide range of applications in chemical industry. Biotechnological production of putrescine from renewable feedstock is a promising alternative to the chemical synthesis that originates from non-renewable petroleum. Here we report development of a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli that produces putrescine at high titer in glucose mineral salts medium. First, a base strain was constructed by inactivating the putrescine degradation and utilization pathways, and deleting the ornithine carbamoyltransferase chain I gene argI to make more precursors available for putrescine synthesis. Next, ornithine decarboxylase, which converts ornithine to putrescine, was amplified by a combination of plasmid-based and chromosome-based overexpression of the coding genes under the strong tac or trc promoter. Furthermore, the ornithine biosynthetic genes (argC-E) were overexpressed from the trc promoter, which replaced the native promoter in the genome, to increase the ornithine pool. Finally, strain performance was further improved by the deletion of the stress responsive RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoS, a well-known global transcription regulator that controls the expression of ca. 10% of the E. coli genes. The final engineered E. coli strain was able to produce 1.68 g L À1 of putrescine with a yield of 0.168 g g À1 glucose. Furthermore, high cell density cultivation allowed production of 24.2 g L À1 of putrescine with a productivity of 0.75 g L À1 h À1 . The strategy reported here should be useful for the bio-based production of putrescine from renewable resources, and also for the development of strains capable of producing other diamines, which are important as nitrogen-containing platform chemicals.

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“…1; Sanders et al, 2007). This route requires non-renewable petrochemical products as raw materials and relatively harsh reaction conditions, as well as expensive catalyst systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of putrescine: A four carbon diamine

Qian

Xia

Lee

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

227

178

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“…A detailed study of the solubility behavior of CGP isolated from recombinant E. coli in inorganic salts has been carried out by Füser and Steinbüchel (16). It was shown that the occurrence of the soluble form was not dependent on the origin of cphA or on the host.Recently, several putative applications for CGP and its derivatives have become available, indicating there is a need for its efficient biotechnological production (36,42,43). For the production of CGP at a technical scale, cyanobacteria were shown to be unsuitable due to their low cell densities and polymer contents (3.5% [wt/wt]) and slow growth and circumstantial growth conditions in a photobioreactor (18,19 Also, in the industrially relevant bacteria Pseudomonas putida, Ralstonia eutropha, and Corynebacterium glutamicum, considerable amounts of CGP could be produced after heterologous expression of cphA (3,13,48,49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several putative applications for CGP and its derivatives have become available, indicating there is a need for its efficient biotechnological production (36,42,43). For the production of CGP at a technical scale, cyanobacteria were shown to be unsuitable due to their low cell densities and polymer contents (3.5% [wt/wt]) and slow growth and circumstantial growth conditions in a photobioreactor (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Accumulation of Cyanophycin in Transgenic Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Steinle

Oppermann‐Sanio

Reichelt

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cyanophycin [multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) (CGP)] was, for the first time, produced in yeast. As yeasts are very important production organisms in biotechnology, it was determined if CGP can be produced in two different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The episomal vector systems pESC (with the galactoseinducible promoter GAL1) and pYEX-BX (with the copper ion-inducible promoter CUP1) were chosen to express the cyanophycin synthetase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308 (cphA 6308 ) in yeast. Expression experiments with transgenic yeasts revealed that the use of the CUP1 promoter is much more efficient for CGP production than the GAL1 promoter. As observed by electrophoresis of isolated CGP in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the yeast strains produced two different types of polymer: the water-soluble and the water-insoluble CGP were observed as major and minor forms of the polymer, respectively. A maximum CGP content of 6.9% (wt/wt) was detected in the cells. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the isolated polymers consisted mainly of the two amino acids aspartic acid and arginine and that, in addition, a minor amount (2 mol%) of lysine was present. Growth of transgenic yeasts in the presence of 15 mM lysine resulted in an incorporation of up to 10 mol% of lysine into CGP. Anti-CGP antibodies generated against CGP isolated from Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring cphA 6308 reacted with insoluble CGP but not with soluble CGP, if applied in Western or dot blots.Cyanophycin, also referred to as multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) or cyanophycin granule polypeptide (CGP), is a nonribosomally synthesized polypeptide consisting of a poly-(aspartic acid) backbone with arginine residues linked to the ␤-carboxyl group of each aspartate by the ␣-amino group (45). CGP is a polydispersed polymer; the molecular size distribution of CGP varies with the producing host strains (1,15,18,20,30,37,52). Due to its branched structure, CGP is not degradable by a wide range of proteinases (45). Biosynthesis of CGP from aspartate and arginine requires only one enzyme, cyanophycin synthetase, which is encoded by cphA (51). CGP is insoluble at neutral pH and under physiological ionic strength, but it is soluble at low (Ͼ3) or high (Ͻ9) pH. Ziegler et al. were the first to observe a water-soluble form of CGP after the heterologous expression of cphA from Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain DSM 10664 in Escherichia coli (52). A detailed study of the solubility behavior of CGP isolated from recombinant E. coli in inorganic salts has been carried out by Füser and Steinbüchel (16). It was shown that the occurrence of the soluble form was not dependent on the origin of cphA or on the host.Recently, several putative applications for CGP and its derivatives have become available, indicating there is a need for its efficient biotechnological production (36,42,43). For the production of CGP at a technical scale, cyanobacteria were shown to be unsuitable due to their low cell...

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“…The corrosivity of the liquid would lead to destroying the container or equipment. Fortunately, a hydrothermal process can be introduced to decrease the acidity and oxygen content in the liquid products for the sake of improving the quality of the liquid products which can be converted to biodiesel [16,18].…”

Section: Probable Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

Chen

Chang

et al. 2017

Environments

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Abstract:Although the main purpose of the torrefaction of biomass is to produce high quality solid bio-fuel, the by-products, including liquid and gas products, are worth investigating to know their effects on the environment and the reusable possibility. Consequently, after torrefying waste bamboo chopsticks (WBCs) for producing solid bio-fuel, the liquid and gas products were examined in this study. The torrefaction target was set to produce torrefied waste bamboo chopsticks (WBC T ) retaining about 70 wt %. A proper torrefaction temperature (T r ) and torrefaction time (t r ) were found at 563 K and 40 min, respectively, for carrying out the torrefaction in a tubular furnace with carrier nitrogen. These conditions gave a solid yield (Y S ) of 69 wt % of WBC T relative to the original WBC, and 31 wt % of by-products were produced. The liquid products were composed of water as high as 62 wt %, along with some organic acids. Some medicine components were also found in the liquid products, representing potential medicine applications. During torrefaction, CO, NO x , SO 2 , and CO 2 emissions were largely discharged from 10 to 20 min of torrefaction time. O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O are the major compounds in the total gas products collected. Some combustible gases of C1 to C6 hydrocarbons were also produced. Moreover, the gas volume balances were computed and evaluated. The information obtained in this study is useful for the proper design, operation, pollution control, and utilization of the products.

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Bio‐Refinery as the Bio‐Inspired Process to Bulk Chemicals

Cited by 228 publications

References 7 publications

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of putrescine: A four carbon diamine

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of putrescine: A four carbon diamine

Synthesis and Accumulation of Cyanophycin in Transgenic Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

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