Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements inMytilus galloprovincialisas sea food in the Al Hoceima coasts (Morocco)

Abstract

The monthly variations in metal concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Chromium (Cr) were determined in tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis and seawater obtained from the mussel farm installed along the Al Hoceima coasts, during the sampling period of 2018. The heavy metals encountered in the bivalves were higher than those observed in their environment with a decreasing order of Zn > Cr > Cd. The results also showed a decreasing trend for the metals studied during the summer sampling campaign. The maximum values were obtained during the wet periods. The monthly variations in trace metals observed in the mussel tissues were due to environmental parameters and the physiological state of the bivalves. Our results revealed that the average concentrations of pollutants found in M. galloprovincialis were below the limits allowed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) which are 2.0, 1000 and 1.0 mg/kg, for Cd, Zn and Cr, respectively in molluscan shellfish for human consumption. Therefore, the trace elements present in the tissues of Al Hoceima shore mussels do not represent a risk to human health associated with their consumption, even during the period of their maximum bioaccumulation. Our work highlights the potential use of Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Biomonitoring of metallic pollutants in this region of the northern Moroccan coasts.

Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of bacterial pollutants to bivalve species in Ras-Kabdana-Saïdia coasts (Eastern Morocco).

“…Physicochemical parameters revealed significant variation according to seasons (Azizi et al, 2018(Azizi et al, , 2020(Azizi et al, , 2021Ngadi et al, 2021). These conditions are known to govern the bioavailability of contaminants (fecal indicator bacteria) in the marine environment and their bioaccumulation by marine biota (Darakas et Seasonal variations in the bacterial load in seawater, sediment and mollusks (Chamelea gallina) in the Ras Kabdana -Saidia area is illustrated in Table 2.…”

“…Another probable reason for the high contents of fecal contaminations in Chamelia gallina in this period is likely the physiological status of the bivalve. Authors (Jozić et al, 2012;Skander et al, 2017;Hmeid et al, 2021) indicated that the biological status of the mussels is mainly regulated by the abiotic factors. During the rainy periods, the moderate temperature and/or the low salinity observed in the Ras Kebdana-Saîdia area promote the filtration rates in the bivalves and the animal can retain more fecal bacteria than other seasons.…”

“…This wealth is in fact a remarkable pole of economic and social development. Moreover, the growing urbanization of the coast, linked to both tourist and industrial activity, is leading to a very significant increase in polluting discharges into the marine environment (Azizi et al, 2020(Azizi et al, , 2021 Hicham et al, 2021). Bacterial pollution is one of these discharges and leads, among other things, to the contamination of seafood, where the consumption can cause health risks and present a real danger to humans (Campos and Cachola, 2007;Moumen et al, 2008).…”

Valorization of Moroccan Bentonite Deposits: “Purification and Treatment of Margin by the Adsorption Process”

“…The contents of iron, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium, chloride, and lead were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (model AFP100, Biotech Management Engineering Co. Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus) [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Elements in Soft Tissues of the Young Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. 1819 Collected in Sevastopol Bay (Crimea, Black Sea): Effects of Age, Sex, Location, and Principal Morphometric Parameters

“…In a number of studies [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], the effect of the sampling site on trace element accumulation in mussels was investigated in the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas. The trace element levels in soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis from different areas of the Black Sea also demonstrated significant spatial variability [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], especially for the animals of older age groups [ 43 , 44 ].…”