Bioaccumulation and human exposure of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in vegetables from the largest vegetable production base of China

Sources, Fate, and Plant Uptake in Agricultural Systems of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

“…In a South Korean rice paddy irrigated with surface water impacted by effluent from WWTP receiving textile industry waste, the soil contained ∑PFAS ranging from 0.12 to 13.9 ng/g dw [54]. Zhang et al [55] reported ∑PFAAs in irrigated agricultural fields in China ranging from 0.29 to 4.28 ng/g (mean 1.62 ng/g) with PFOA (39% of ∑PFAAs) > PFDA (16%) > PFBA (9%) > PFHxA (7%) = PFNA (7%). In home gardens in the USA irrigated with landfill leachatecontaminated groundwater, several PFAAs, including PFOA (0.11-3.0 ng/g), PFOS (0.57-12.0 ng/g), PFBA (0.04-13.0 ng/g), PFPeA (ND-0.57 ng/g), PFHxS (ND-0.24 ng/g), and PFHxA (ND-0.66 ng/g), were detected in over 70% of the soil samples from 20 home gardens [22•].…”

“…Also in most pot studies, leaching is minimized or prevented; thus, short-chain PFAS remain in the root zone unlike what is likely to occur in the field. For example, decreases were reported in short-chain PFAS concentrations in the soil profile throughout a growing season due to leaching [64,106], whereas in a pot study short-chain PFAS became enriched in the bottom layers of the pot compared to the longer-chain PFAS and remained accessible for Table 2 Comparison between three study types (A = hydroponic, B = pot studies, C = field studies) conducted on agricultural plants for PFBA (C4), PFHxA (C6), PFOA (C8), PFBS (C4), PFHxS (C6), and PFOS (C8) with parenthetical indicating total carbon chain length Plant Study type (# of studies) [28,63,88,94,97,99] b [22,37,55,63,66,95] Additional PFAS classes studied for each plant type are reported PFAS class column. Plant species with only one study, or one study and studies by Bao et al [37] or Scher et al [22] which reported collective values by plant types are not listed.…”

Covalent immobilization of delipidated human serum albumin on poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic) acid film for the impedimetric detection of perfluorooctanoic acid

“…The electropolymerization with SDS was optimized in terms of number of CV cycles and scan rate using a one-variable-at-a-time approach. The monomer solution, 10 mM of Py-2-COOH in 0.1 M SDS, was polymerized using increasing number of cycles (5,10,20) and different scan rates (25, 50, 100 mV/s). For studying the number of cycles, the scan rate was kept constant (100 mV/s) and five cycles of CV were recorded for each different scan rate value.…”

“…PFAS and particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are still subjected to extensive toxicological studies to clarify their effects on the ecosystem and human health [4]. Nonetheless, previous studies already claimed their tendency to undergo bioaccumulation in vegetal and animal tissues [5] suggesting the need of large-scale, strict monitoring plans [6] and efficient water treatments [7]. For these reasons, there is an urgent demand of novel sensors for natural and industrial water monitoring, which needs to be rapid, user-friendly, robust and sensitive enough to reach the legislation limits of such EC.…”

“…3 V and +1.2 V, at different scan rates(25,50, 100 mV/s) and number of cycles(5,10,20).Two different electrolytes were tested namely 1 M NaClO 4 and 0.1 M SDS, both in aqueous solution. EIS measurements were recorded in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with 2 mM [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− , in the frequency range between 0.1 MHz and 0.1 Hz, with 0.01 V amplitude and bias potential determined by open circuit potential.…”