Bioaccumulation, Detection and Analyses of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sultan Marsh and Its Environment

Abstract

Sultan Marsh is one of the largest and most important wetlands in Turkey, Middle East and Europe, embodying saline and fresh water ecosystems, which provide a shelter for 426 bird species. The area has begun to contribute much to the tourism of Kayseri state and its environs. However, the sites in the vicinity of the sewerage -sludge and fertilizer plants are highly damaged due to pollution. As such, studies on the heavy metal status of water, sediment and plants were investigated. Phragmites australis, Ranunculus sphaerosphermus plants and samples of sediments were taken from 13 different stations of this Marsh. All sampling sites in the study area basin were generally more or less polluted when compared with the control sites. Cr concentrations in the roots of the plants were higher than in the sediment. The tissues of Phragmites australis accumulated heavy metals more than those of Ranunculus sphaerosphermus. The heavy metal accumulation in different parts of plants followed the sequence: root > stem > leaf. Both plants can be used as biological indicators while determining environmental pressures; however, Phragmites australis proved more appropriate for such studies.

Trace metal levels in edible wild fungi

“…Each sample (0.5 g) was then digested with 10 mL of HNO 3 (65 %) and 1 mL of H 2 O 2 (30 %) using a CEM-MARS 5 (CEM Corporation Mathews, NC, USA) microwave digestion system (maximum power 1,200 W, power 100 %, ramp 20.00 min, pressure 180 psi, temperature 210°C and hold time 10.00 min). After digestion, the volume of each sample was adjusted to 25 ml using double-deionized water (Markert 1993;Aksoy et al 2005). Soil pH measurements were also made with the procedure as follows; 25 mL of distilled water were added into 10 g of air-dried soil samples and the mixture was left for 1 h at 25°C.…”

“…Later, the samples (1 g) were cold treated with a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO 3 (3:1) for 24 h, heated up to 105°C for 90 min and extract is obtained after filtering through Whatman No. 42 filter paper into volumetric flask and was brought to a volume of 50 mL with deionized water (Aksoy et al 2005). Determinations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the fruit bodies of 17 fungi species and soil samples were carried out by ICP-OES (Varian-Liberty II, ICP-OES).…”

Geochemical assessment of lake sediments in protected areas in Poland – a search for reference condition

“…In addition, as consequence of resuspension or re-solubilisation process, they can return into circulation in the aquatic ecosystem (Aksoy et al, 2005). They may constitute a threat to biological life in a given ecosystem as a consequence of secondary contamination (Başyiğit and Tekin-Özan, 2013).…”

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Industrial contaminated soil by Spiracia oleracea L and Zeamays L

“…Generally, the heavy metals in sewage sludges are the result of inputs from human activity such as use of fertilizers; human excreta; domestic water from baths and showers; dishwashing, mine drainage, and run-off water from roofs and roads; and industrial wastewaters discharged into the sewers and processed in sewage treatment plants (Aksoy et al 2005; Alloway 2013; Mason 2002). Moreover, some heavy metals such as Fe and Cu could be added to the sludge through the erosion of water pipes that are made of iron and copper (Bramryd 2013).…”