Bioaccumulation of Cadmium (Cd) by White Shrimp Penaeus Merguiensis at Different Salinity in Kedungmalang Estuary, Jepara (Central Java)

Abstract

Estuarine of Kedungmalang has salinity variability and is assumed to bepolluted by cadmium (Cd) derived from human activities around Kedung region. In this study, bioaccumulation of Cd by white shrimp Penaeus merguienis in relation with salinity difference was determined. Sampling was conducted at four stations : estuary (15‰ and 25‰ of salinity) and husbandry area (15‰ and 25‰ of salinity). Data on in situ water quality parameters was obtained at each station. Absorption Atomic Spectrometer was used to measure Cd concentration. The water quality of parameters and the concentrations of Cd in the shrimp were compared with quality standards and weekly consumption limit of white shrimps is also suggested. The Cd concentrations on the white shrimp was found the highest concentration of 0.669 μg.g-1 . The limit comsumption of the white shrimp of Estuarine of Kedungmalang,suggested by the resut of this study, is about 523-1537 grams per week.

A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators

“…Poisoning by cadmium is caused mainly by inhalation [e.g., inhalation of tobacco smoke or occupationally by the presence of this metal in the air due to industrial emissions [70] or ingestion of foods containing Cd, including crustaceans, e.g., shrimp [13,17]; crab [17,50,98]; lobster and shellfish [17], which contain higher Cd concentrations compared to fish [47]. However, cadmium is found predominantly in fruits and vegetables, due to the higher concentration and high transfer of metal from the soil to plants [70].…”

“…Metals in the aquatic environment reach the local biota when resuspended, becoming bioavailable for absorption directly through the gills [5,10,11] or through dietary habits, with some metals displaying biomagnification potential [5,9,12]. However, abiotic factors such as pH, temperature, oxygen, organic matter, and salinity interfere in both metal behavior and bioavailability in these ecosystems [6,9,12,13]. For example, studies indicate higher copper and chromium in animals that live in low salinity waters compared to the marine environment where sodium ions compete with metals, reducing their absorption [14,15].…”

“…For example, studies indicate higher copper and chromium in animals that live in low salinity waters compared to the marine environment where sodium ions compete with metals, reducing their absorption [14,15]. In another example, Manullang et al [13], when studying the effect of salinity on Cd bioaccumulation in shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), observed higher concentration of cadmium-free cations that are easily absorbed in lower salinity environments. In higher salinity conditions, these ions interact with the main sea salt ions, forming organic and inorganic complexes, thus reducing their bioavailability.…”

“…Concerning pH, higher bioavailability and absorption of certain metals, such as Al, are observed in more acidic waters, due to higher metal solubility associated to lower water pH [2]. Another abiotic factor, organic matter is known to reduce the bioavailability of certain metals, such as silver, as it forms large precipitates that deposit in the sediment [16], while high temperatures may increase animal metabolism, potentially increasing metal absorption and lower dissolved oxygen leads to higher animal respiration rates and higher chances of absorbing contaminants, such as metals [13].…”

Dredging Activities Carried Out in a Brazilian Estuary Affect Mercury Levels in Swimming Crabs

“…The depth was correlated with temperature and Hg according to the RDA. Environments of less depth tend to have a higher temperature and the heat promotes the acceleration of animal metabolism, thus the respiration rate will be higher and consequently the absorption via respiration of metals will increase [36], the opposite being true. However, the oxygen ratio seems to diverge from what was expected, despite the three factors (oxygen, depth and temperature) showing coherent relationships with each other, when confronted with Hg concentrations, they presented a different behavior than expected.…”