Bioaccumulation of dioxins, coplanar PCBs, PCDEs, HxCNs, R-PCNs, R-PCPHs and R-PCBBs in fish from a pulp-mill recipient watercourse

Koistinen, Jaana; Paasiv́irta, Jaakko; Lahtiperä, Mirja

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90287-f

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The major PCDE compounds in the lake trout fraction were congeners 99 (2,2′,4,4′,5‐pentaCDE), 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexaCDE), 154 (2,2′,4,4′,5,6′‐hexaCDE), and 163 (2,3,3′,4′,5,6‐hexaCDE) as they contributed 22.3%, 25.1%, 20.3%, and 13.6%, respectively, to the total PCDEs in fraction C1. These congeners were also major PCDEs detected in fish from the Baltic Sea and rivers in Finland [33,34]. Of the congeners tested individually for embryotoxic activity in this study, PCDEs 105 and 77 were not detected, but congeners 118 and 71 were detected in fraction C1 at concentrations of 24.5 ng/ml (0.92% of total PCDEs) and 4.7 ng/ml (0.18% of total PCDEs), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Early life‐stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

Metcalfe

Cormier

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are a group of compounds that resemble polychlorinated dibenzofurans in structure that have been detected at ppb concentrations in fish from the Great Lakes. The objective of this project was to determine the toxicological significance of PCDE residues in fish. PCDE congener 77 (3,3Ј,4,4Ј-tetrachlorodiphenyl ether), congener 71 (2,3Ј,4Ј,6-tetrachlorodiphenyl ether), congener 118 (2,3Ј,4,4Ј,5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether), and congener 105 (2,3,3Ј,4,4Ј-pentachlorodiphenyl) were tested for toxicity with early life stages (ELS) of Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. These embryotoxicity data showed that the mono-ortho congeners 105 and 118 and the non-ortho congener 77 were embryotoxic to medaka. However, the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) estimated for congeners 105, 77, and 118 relative to 2,3,7, 8-TCDD were relatively low at 0.00056, 0.00003, and 0.00001, respectively. PCDE compounds were isolated in a fraction prepared from a bulk extract of Lake Ontario lake trout.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Early life‐stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

Metcalfe

Cormier

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in aquatic organisms has been documented in several studies [7,16,17], whereas knowledge about the bioaccumulation potential of PCDEs is limited. Furthermore, the majority of the existing studies relating to PCDD/Fs and PCDEs focus on fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities in bioaccumulation patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers in laboratory-exposed oligochaetes and semipermeable membrane devices and in field-collected chironomids

Lyytikäinen

Rantalainen

Mikkelson

et al. 2003

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Sediment and chironomid samples were collected from a river in the vicinity of and downstream from a closed chlorophenol production plant, and they were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE). Bioaccumulation of these compounds from the sediments by the oligochaeta, Lumbriculus variegatus, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) was studied in a 28-d bioaccumulation test. The sum concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCDEs in sediments varied spatially, peaking at the site below the production plant, but the congener composition remained fairly constant throughout the river. The sum concentrations of chironomids, oligochaetes, and SPMDs all varied independently of sediment concentrations. Both invertebrates accumulated more PCDEs, whereas PCDD/Fs dominated in sediments and SPMDs. Despite the variable sum concentrations, similarities were observed in concentrations and compositions of individual congeners. A significant correlation was found between sediments and oligochaetes, and between oligochaetes and chironomids, for both PCDD/Fs and PCDEs. These results suggest that bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs and PCDEs in invertebrates is nonselective. Furthermore, the laboratory bioaccumulation tests seem to yield relevant results. The SPMDs were found to give good predictions of the PCDD/F concentrations of sediments and oligochaetes. For PCDEs, the estimates were slightly poorer, but still useful for preliminary concentration assessments.

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“…These sources include not only waste products from current or past manufacturing of specific industrial or agricultural chemicals, but also result from a variety of combustion processes, including emissions from chemical and municipal incinerators, automobile and truck exhausts, wood stove burning, tobacco smoking, and scrap metal processes, among others [4][5][6]. Recent studies have targeted contributions from bleached kraft effluents and pulp mills [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and fly ash from municipal incinerators [16][17][18][19][20]. It is also now known that there are significant natural sources of PCDFs/PCDDs, specifically the burning of virgin woods during the 200,000 annual forest fires worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of 2,3,7,8-Tetra Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Toxicity Equivalencies in Fish in the United States and International Waterways

Clarke¹,

Wilson²,

Megehee³

et al. 1996

Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials

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There is growing interest in the assessment of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) in fish. Over 180 documents have been reviewed in the development of the data base for this review article which includes nearly two thousand values for 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations and toxicity equivalencies (TEs) in fish in the United States and international waterways. The data indicate that there are fish with quantifiable levels of dioxin world-wide. This ubiquity is also seen in fish taken from US waterways. Specifically, only one state in fifty had 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels which were all below method detection limit, BMDL. All 50 states had fish which resulted in TE values above the MDL. Based upon the data assembled for this review article, the presence of PCDFs/PCDDs in fish appears independent of their feeding habits and habitats. A more focused review of fish in waterways in the United States resulted in the same conclusions.There is poor correlation (r2 = 0.692) between the average TE values and the corresponding average 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations. This is not unexpected given the multitude of natural and man-made sources of PCDFs/PCDDs in the environment, the different ratios of congeners present in different sources, and the different mechanisms which various fish employ in the incorporation/elimination of the congeners. Therefore, one should not use 2,3,7,8-TCDD data to estimate the TE value for a given fish.Also, based upon the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, the distribution of the differences between the 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations and the calculated TE values was not a normal distribution. One must, therefore, be careful in applying statistical tests to the data. The more routinely used statistical parameters such as t-tests and F-tests cannot be correctly used for nonnormally distributed populations. 419

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Bioaccumulation of dioxins, coplanar PCBs, PCDEs, HxCNs, R-PCNs, R-PCPHs and R-PCBBs in fish from a pulp-mill recipient watercourse

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Early life‐stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

Early life‐stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

Similarities in bioaccumulation patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers in laboratory-exposed oligochaetes and semipermeable membrane devices and in field-collected chironomids

A Review of 2,3,7,8-Tetra Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Toxicity Equivalencies in Fish in the United States and International Waterways

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