Bioaccumulation of hexachlorobenzene in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber

Abstract

A test system to investigate the biomagnification of organic chemicals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber was developed and validated. Adult isopods were fed on alder leaf powder (Alnus glutinosa) spiked with [ 14 C]hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Test animals, sampled regularly during the uptake (16 d) and depuration phases (16 d), were analyzed, and the kinetics of tissue concentrations were determined. Uptake (k 1 ) and depuration rates (k 2 ) were calculated to estimate kinetic biomagnification factors (BMFs). In addition, the effect of coprophagy on the uptake and accumulation of HCB as well as the tissue distribution of HCB in P. scaber was investigated. The test system was shown to be suitable for investigations into the terrestrial bioaccumulation of chemicals. Coprophagy had no effect on the bioaccumulation of HCB in P. scaber. The hepatopancreas was identified as the main target tissue for HCB accumulation. The low BMF of 0.057 resulted from an assimilation efficiency (a) of 31.42%, a low uptake rate k 1 (0.009 d À1), and a high depuration rate k 2 (0.164 d À1). The results indicate that the terrestrial bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in P. scaber might not represent a worst-case scenario for biomagnification, limiting the value of the test system for the regulatory assessment of organic chemicals. Environ

Biomagnification and body distribution of ivermectin in dung beetles

“…Studies on the effects of veterinary medical products on non-target organisms with emphasis on dung feeding invertebrates are very numerous 19 . However, no regulatory guidelines, other than the OECD earthworm bioaccumulation test 20 , directly address the potential bioaccumulation of these compounds in other terrestrial organisms, and very few studies have examined the biomagnification of organic chemicals in terrestrial arthropods 22 .…”

“…Biomagnification should be regarded as a particular case of bioaccumulation in which the chemical concentration in an organism is due to dietary absorption 21 . Only a test system to investigate the biomagnification of an organic chemical (hexachlorobenzene) in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber Latreille has been recently developed 22 .…”

The effect of soil pollution with petroleum-derived substances on Porcellio scaber Latr. (Crustacea, Isopoda)

“…According to the literature, isopods are exposed to PAHs mainly owing to consumed food (Van Brummelen et al 1996 ). They reveal abilities for metabolizing some of these compounds, as has been demonstrated on an example of pyrene (Stroomberg et al 1999 , 2003 , 2004a , b ; Luthe et al 2002 ) or for bioaccumulation (Broerse et al 2012 ; Kampe and Schlechtriem 2016 ). However, soil contamination with petroleum products usually occurs locally, on limited (sometimes small) areas, so exposition of isopods to contaminants through their food intake may be rare.…”

Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review

“…Only few studies have addressed the potential for food chain transfer of the inert metal fractions in the hepatopancreas of isopods. Bioaccumulation of organic compounds in isopods has been determined in several studies, but only few studies were performed to assess uptake and elimination kinetics of organic compounds in isopods (e.g., Van Brummelen and Van Straalen 1996; Sousa et al 2000; Loureiro et al 2002; Santos et al 2003; Stroomberg et al 2004; Kampe and Schlechtriem 2016). From the available literature, it is clear that isopods do show high uptake of metals like Cd, but less of Pb and uptake of organic chemicals may be quite variable.…”