Bioaccumulation of organotin compounds in the red sea bream (pagrus major) by two uptake pathways: Dietary uptake and direct uptake from water

Abstract

The bioaccumulation and elimination of organotin compounds in Pagrus major during dietary uptake and/or direct uptake from water were studied. When tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds were accumulated in fish from seawater and from feed simultaneously, about one‐quarter of the bioaccumulation was due to the dietary uptake. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) were 0.26 to 0.38 for TBT and 0.57 for TPT. BMF was not significantly altered by the concentration nor the species of chemicals in the feed. The assimilation efficiency of ingested TBT and TPT was 9.5 to 12.7 and 19.6%, respectively, and percentage retention was 24.2% for TBT and 60.1% for TPT. The BMF, percentage retention, and assimilation efficiency of TBT were all lower than those of TPT, suggesting that TPT compounds are more easily accumulated by dietary uptake than TBT compounds. Compared to PCBs and methylmercury chloride, the assimilation efficiency and the percentage retention of organotin compounds were low. These lower values imply that the risk of bioaccumulating the ingested organotin compounds might be smaller than for PCBs and methylmercury chloride.

Modeling and Risk Assessment of Tributyltin Accumulation in the Food Web of a Shallow Freshwater Lake

“…Parameter uncertainty for the biomass cycle was described for the CATS-2 model (11). Recently, an assimilation efficiency of 9.5-12.7% was determined for the red sea bream (43). Basic statistics are log transformed.…”

“…It has been shown that food uptake can be a significant portion of total TBT uptake for fish (43). It seems that the more a species feeds on benthic invertebrates, the higher the FWU ratio.…”

Effects of Triphenyltin Acetate on Survival, Hatching Success, and Liver Ultrastructure of Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Experiments with early life stages of minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Fent, 1991) and Red Sea bream (Pagrus major, Yamada et al, 1993) indicate that triphenyltin has a high potential for bioaccumulation, since direct uptake from water across the gills as well as dietary uptake is rapid (Yamada et al, 1993), and both elimination and metabolization are extremely slow. Highest triphenyltin concentrations were measured in the liver (Yamada et al, 1993); in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver exposed to sublethal concentrations of TPTA for 4 weeks, for example, bioconcentration was by a factor of 2100}2700 (Schwaiger et al, 1996).…”

“…Highest triphenyltin concentrations were measured in the liver (Yamada et al, 1993); in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver exposed to sublethal concentrations of TPTA for 4 weeks, for example, bioconcentration was by a factor of 2100}2700 (Schwaiger et al, 1996).…”

A simple apparatus for administering 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin to commercially available pelletized fish food

“…In many instances, toxicologists are interested in studying the effects of chemicals, delivered via dietary exposure, on organisms. Previously, researchers have loaded chemicals into food using a 1:1 or higher ratios of solvent volume to food weight [1–3] or they have mixed [4] or ground the chemical of interest and food with a mortar and pestle [5]. Neither method seemed appropriate for the production of larger amounts (hundreds of grams per loading) of test diets involving hazardous chemicals.…”