Bioactive Compounds from Marine Organisms: Potential for Bone Growth and Healing

Carson, Matthew; Clarke, Sonya

doi:10.3390/md16090340

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Beside the important and predominant composition in agar, Gracilaria spp. constituents include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and several other bioactive compounds [17,18]. These latter include, but are not limited to, polyphenols, alkaloids, polyketides, cyclic peptides, phlorotannins, sterols, diterpenoids, quinones and glycerols [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis

et al. 2018

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Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, Gracilaria gracilis plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured G. gracilis was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against B. subtilis strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against V. fischeri. The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis

et al. 2018

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“…Fucoidan suppressed Ca 2+ -dependent endocytosis, potentially by inhibition of agonist-induced Ca 2+ responses [23]. Whilst the present study identified endochondral ossification, fucoidan has been associated with bone cell differentiation [24], but not specifically with endochondral ossification, an interaction that remains to be verified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Micro RNA Expression after Ingestion of Fucoidan; A Clinical Study

et al. 2020

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Fucoidans are a class of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown macroalgae that exert a range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo. To generate an unbiased assessment of pathways and processes affected by fucoidan, a placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study was performed in healthy volunteers. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 24 h after ingestion of a single dose of 1 g of Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan (UPF) or placebo. Levels of isolated miRNAs were analyzed using Taqman Open Array Human MicroRNA panels. Out of 754 miRNAs screened, UPF affected a total of 53 miRNAs. Pathway analysis using the TALOS data analysis tool predicted 29 different pathways and processes that were largely grouped into cell surface receptor signaling, cancer-related pathways, the majority of which were previously associated with fucoidans. However, this analysis also identified nine pathways and processes that have not been associated with fucoidans before. Overall, this study illustrates that even a single dose of fucoidans has the potential to affect the expression of genes related to fundamental cellular processes. Moreover, it confirms previous data that fucoidans influence immunity, cancer cells, inflammation, and neurological function.

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“…Marine coral is a natural bioceramic which has been examined as a graft for bone repair due its inherent porosity and high compressive stiffness [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the field of bone tissue engineering is increasingly moving away from the fabrication of such 'hard' scaffolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incorporation of Marine Coral Microparticles into Collagen-Based Scaffolds Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells via Calcium Ion Signalling

Sheehy

Lemoine

Clarke³

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Composite biomaterial scaffolds consisting of natural polymers and bioceramics may offer an alternative to autologous grafts for applications such as bone repair. Herein, we sought to investigate the possibility of incorporating marine coral microparticles into a collagen-based scaffold, a process which we hypothesised would enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold as well its capacity to promote osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Cryomilling and sieving were utilised to achieve coral microparticles of mean diameters 14 µm and 64 µm which were separately incorporated into collagen-based slurries and freeze-dried to form porous scaffolds. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determined the coral microparticles to be comprised of calcium carbonate whereas collagen/coral composite scaffolds were shown to have a crystalline calcium ethanoate structure. Crosslinked collagen/coral scaffolds demonstrated enhanced compressive properties when compared to collagen only scaffolds and also promoted more robust osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, as indicated by increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 at the gene level, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium accumulation at the protein level. Only subtle differences were observed when comparing the effect of coral microparticles of different sizes, with improved osteogenesis occurring as a result of calcium ion signalling delivered from collagen/coral composite scaffolds. These scaffolds, fabricated from entirely natural sources, therefore show promise as novel biomaterials for tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration.

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Bioactive Compounds from Marine Organisms: Potential for Bone Growth and Healing

Cited by 68 publications

References 103 publications

New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis

New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis

Micro RNA Expression after Ingestion of Fucoidan; A Clinical Study

The Incorporation of Marine Coral Microparticles into Collagen-Based Scaffolds Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells via Calcium Ion Signalling

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