Bioactive Compounds in Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Kernels: Effect of Different Shelling Methods

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of various conventional shelling methods (oil-bath roasting, direct steam roasting, drying, and open pan roasting) as well as a novel “Flores” hand-cracking method on the levels of bioactive compounds of cashew nut kernels were investigated. The raw cashew nut kernels were found to possess appreciable levels of certain bioactive compounds such as β-carotene (9.57 μg/100 g of DM), lutein (30.29 μg/100 g of DM), zeaxanthin (0.56 μg/100 g of DM), α-tocopherol (0.29 mg/100 g of DM), γ-tocopherol (1.10 mg/100 g of DM), thiamin (1.08 mg/100 g of DM), stearic acid (4.96 g/100 g of DM), oleic acid (21.87 g/100 g of DM), and linoleic acid (5.55 g/100 g of DM). All of the conventional shelling methods including oil-bath roasting, steam roasting, drying, and open pan roasting revealed a significant reduction, whereas the Flores hand-cracking method exhibited similar levels of carotenoids, thiamin, and unsaturated fatty acids in cashew nuts when compared to raw unprocessed samples.

Nutrient Composition of Raw, Dry-Roasted, and Skin-On Cashew Nuts

“…For analysis of the carotenoids, samples (n = 3) were saponified using 2 mL of 2.5% pyrogallol in ethanol and 1 mL of 50% potassium hydroxide in a 38°C water bath for 4 hours (Trox et al, 2010). The carotenoids were extracted with hexane, dried under nitrogen, and redissolved in 200 µL of ethanol.…”

Egg quality and yolk lipid composition of laying hens fed diets containing cashew nut meal

“…The cashew nut fatty acid composition is constituted predominantly of miristic (0.03%), palmitoleic (0.54%), palmitic (10.70%), linolenic (0.32%), linoleic (16.88%), oleic (61.15%), margaric (0.12%) and estearic acids (9.33%) and is therefore considered a source of unsaturated fatty acid (VENKATACHALAM; SATHE, 2006).…”

Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

“…Among the multitude of renewable resources, cashew nut shell liquid is an important by-product of the cashew nut industry that is currently used for green chemicals and technologies (30). More than 32% of the cashew shell is cashew nut shell liquid, the key constituent of cashew nut shell liquid being cardanol, a bio-based non-isoprene lipid, consisting of a rich mixture of phenolic lipids: 5% 3-(n-pentadecyl)-phenol (PDP), 50% 3-(8Z-pentadecenyl)phenol, 16% 3-(8Z,11Z-pentadecadienyl)-phenol, and 29% 3-(8Z,11Z,14-pentadecatrienyl)phenol.…”