Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Inhibit the Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

Abstract

Moringa oleifera (MO) is an important plant for traditional medicine. The present study aimed to identify the MO active phytochemical compounds for their ability against inflamed macrophages. An ethyl acetate extract fraction of MO was fractionation by flash column chromatography. Human macrophages were stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide and then treated with fractions of MO to examine their anti-inflammatory activity and cellular mechanism. The active fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). MO treated cells showed a decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediator in response to lipopolysaccharide. This was evident at both mRNA and protein levels. The study revealed that MO suppressed mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, PTGS2, NF-κB (P50), and RelA. Furthermore, the extract effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. Interestingly, the effect of MO inhibited phosphorylation of IκB-α and the ability to reduce expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, suppressing its nuclear translocation. Moreover, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of the MO active fraction revealed seven compounds, namely 3,4-Methyleneazelaic acid, (2S)-2-phenylmethoxybutane-1,4-diol, (2R)-2-phenylmethoxybutane-1, 4-diol, γ-Diosphenol, 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)-1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione, 3-Hydroxy-β-ionone, and Tuberonic acid. Our findings highlight the ability of MO compounds to inhibit inflammation through regulation of the NF-κB pathway.

Potential of Moringa oleifera to Improve Glucose Control for the Prevention of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies

“…MO presents a wide variety of biological activities evidenced in in vitro experiments, showing potent anti-oxidative, analgesic, cytoprotective, anti-ulcer, anti-hypertensive and immunmodulatory actions as well as an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, PGE-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 [2,17,[20][21][22][23]. It is a popular medicine used in Asia and Africa for multiple purposes, ascribed to the various parts of the plant, which, in addition, are used in many different ways [7].…”

Daphne mucronataenhances cell proliferation and protects human adipose stem cells against monosodium iodoacetate induced oxidative stressin vitro

“…Our results reveal a decrease in mRNA (Figure 5c,d) and protein levels ( Figure 6a,c) of TNF-α and IL1β markers in DM preconditioned hADMSCs. Similar down regulation at mRNA and protein level of IL1β beta and TNF-α has recently been reported in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages [75]. On the other hand, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a metalloproteinase enzyme that is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix [76,77].…”

Atraric Acid Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Mouse Models

“…There is a great interest in the discovery of biologically active natural products due to their activities with relatively low toxicity as compared to other modalities such as synthetic chemicals [ 10 ]. Numerous studies have shown that natural products are developed as beneficial dietary supplements for health and therapeutic agents against disease [ 25 ]. Lichen is a unique organism that produces biologically active secondary metabolites with various pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-cancer [ 17 ] and anti-viral effects [ 16 ].…”