Bioactive Compounds in the Ethanol Extract of Marine Sponge Stylissa carteri Demonstrates Potential Anti-Cancer Activity in Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Objective: Despite advanced treatment options available, drug resistance develops in breast cancer (BC) patients requiring novel effective drugs. Stylissa carteri, a marine sponge predominantly living in Indonesia territories, has not been extensively studied as anti-cancer. Therefore, this study targeted to assess the anti-tumor activity of the ethanol extract of S. carteri in BC cells. Methods: S. carteri was collected from Pramuka Island, at Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia and extracted using ethanol. Different BC cells including MDA MB 231, MDA MB 468, SKBR3, HCC-1954 and MCF-7 cells were treated with this extract for cytotoxic analysis using MTT assay. Spheroid growth assay and apoptosis assay were conducted in HCC-1954 cells. In addition, cell migration analysis and synergistic activity with doxorubicin or paclitaxel were conducted in MDA MB 231 cells. This extract was subjected also for GC-MS analysis. Results: The results show that ethanol extract of S. carteri demonstrated a cytotoxic activity in BC cells. The IC 50 of this extract was lower 15 μg/ml in MDA MB 231, MDA MB 468, SKBR3, and HCC-1954 cells. Moreover, this extract inhibited spheroids growth and induced apoptosis in HCC-1954 cells. It inhibited cell migration and demonstrated a synergistic activity with doxorubicin or paclitaxel on triggering cell death in MDA MB 231 cells. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis indicated that this extract contained 1,2-Benzenediol, Dibutyl phthalate and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester. Conclusion: Our preliminary data indicate a potential anti-tumor activity of ethanol extract of S. carteri in breast cancer cells.

The ethyl acetate fraction of sponge Stylissa carteri decreases viability in HER2+ trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells

“…Previous studies showed that ethanol extraction of this sponge caused inhibition of proliferation and migration. 22 The IC 50 of the ethanol extract of Stylissa carteri in HCC-1954 cells was 14 μg/ml. 22 In our study, the IC 50 of the ethyl acetate fraction of Stylissa carteri was 9.25 μg/ml.…”

“…19,20 The ethanol extract of Stylissa carteri has cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines, including luminal A, HER2 + and triple-negative type breast cancer cells, and cervical cancer cells. 21,22 To further purify compounds of Stylissa carteri and to obtain stronger potential of anticancer fraction, this study was conducted to explore effects on fraction levels, especially on the ethyl acetate fraction. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate fraction of the Stylissa carteri on trastuzumabresistance HER2+ breast cancer cells, HCC-1954 in vitro through its cytotoxicity parameters using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and estimation of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ).…”

The potency of Pentagamavunone‐0 (PGV‐0) as chemopreventive agent for the formation and growth of breast cancer as revealed in 3D model

“…It was indicated by the decreasing diameter and increasing density of spheroids during 96 h of incubation. Spheroids were ready to use after being incubated for 96 h in accordance to the previous study (Bashari et al 2019). The spheroids are ready to use when there is a decrease in diameter, but the size of the spheroids is relatively the same.…”

“…HCC 1954 breast cancer cell line, given by Dr. med. Muhammad Hasan Bashari, M.D., M.Kes., Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, was grown in the RPMI (Gibco) medium supplemented with 10% v/v FBS (Sigma) and 1% v/v penicillinstreptomycin (Gibco) (Bashari et al 2019). The cells were incubated in an incubator with 5% CO 2 at 37 o C. At 80% confluence, cells were harvested by using 0.025% trypsinEDTA (Gibco).…”

“…The formation of spheroids was carried out by growing HCC 1954 cells (9 × 10 3 cells/well) in the RPMI medium on 96well plates that had been coated with 1.5% agarose matrix (Sigma). The cells were incubated for 96 h until the spheroids were formed and ready to be used for exper iments (Bashari et al 2019). The morphological appear ances of the spheroids were observed by using an inverted microscope (Boeco) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The diame ter of the spheroids was measured using Image Raster 3.0 software while the density of the spheroids was measured using ImageJ software.…”