Bioactive compounds in unsaponifiable fraction of oils from unconventional sources

Abstract

The aim of the research was to characterize bioactive components of unsaponifiable fraction of selected unconventional oils. Nine oils were analyzed as far as the content of tocopherols, squalene, phenolic compounds, and sterols were concerned. Tocopherols and squalene were analyzed by HPLC coupled with diode array detector and fluorescent detector (HPLC-DAD-FLD). The content of sterols in oils was determined by GC coupled with MS (GC-MS). The total amount of phenolic compounds in oils was determined by the colorimetric methods using Folin-Ciocalteau phenol reagent. The examined oils were characterized by differentiated amount of particular forms of tocopherols. The oil obtained from the seeds of amaranth was the richest source of squalene (over 52 mg/g oil). The presence of 22 different compounds of sterols were identified, whereas b-sitosterol was found in the largest amount. Total amount of sterols in the oils ranged from 90 (walnut) to 850 mg/100 g (evening primrose). Significant differentiation of total amount of phenolic compounds was observed in the examined oils. Evening primrose oil showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds (679 mg/kg). The presented results prove that plant oils obtained from nonconventional sources are a potential source of bioactive compounds.

Commercial Cold Pressed Flaxseed Oils Quality and Oxidative Stability at the Beginning and the End of Their Shelf Life

“…The results of sterols analysis in our work are in accordance with results presented by Ciftci et al 35 . However, they are twice higher than those obtained by Czaplicki et al 7 .…”

“…The content of tocols was determined by HPLC, according to the method described by Czaplicki et al 7 . A sample of oil was diluted in hexane and subsequently centrifuged 25,000 g for 10 min in a 5417R-type Eppendorf centrifuge Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany .…”

Chemical Compositions of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Oils from Different Cultivated Regions in China

“…In the present study, squalene levels varied from 17.97 to 131.45 mg kg −1 . These values were higher than those reported by Maguire, O'Sullivan, Galvin, O'Connor, and O'Brien () (average value: 9.4 mg kg −1 ) but lower than those reported by Czaplicki, Ogrodowska, Derewiaka, Tańska, and Zadernowski () (283 mg kg −1 ). Because of the increasing concern for marine‐life protection, new sources of squalene are being searched, and walnut oil is a potential valuable source of this compound.…”

Characteristics of Biologically-Active Substances of Amaranth Oil Obtained by Various Techniques.

“…Investigations have been conducted with seeds of unconventional plants, e.g. evening primrose, borage, sea buckthorn and am-aranth [Czaplicki et al, 2011]. It was established that from the listed group of plants, only amaranth seeds provided a rich source of squalene.…”