Bioactive glass and glass‐ceramic orbital implants

Abstract

This review focuses on the applications of bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics in the field of orbital implants for ocular surgery. This use is relatively novel and less popular compared to the applications in orthopedics and dentistry for the repair of bone and teeth. Recent studies have shown the suitability of bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics in contact with soft tissues for promoting additional effects associated to the release of therapeutic inorganic ions. Specifically, the angiogenic and antibacterial actions that may be elicited by selected glass compositions are highly appealing for the development of new‐generation orbital implants, since improved vascularization and antiseptic properties are the key for a higher success rate of anophthalmic socket procedures. An overall picture of existing orbital implants based on bioactive glasses is here provided, and the further potential and open challenges for future research in this field are highlighted and discussed.

Biomaterial and implant induced ossification: in vitro and in vivo findings

“…The osteo-conductivity of biomaterial implants can be increased by coating surfaces with calcium phosphate minerals (Ballo et al, 2008;Väkiparta et al, 2005) and the calcium and phosphorus precipitation of the substrate prior to osteoid synthesis is important for the osteo-conductivity of tissue-engineered scaffolds (Sautier et al, 1994). Additionally, in vitro experiments have previously confirmed that the FRC surface is mineralized with calcium phosphates in the presence of BG (Baino et al, 2019;Väkiparta et al, 2005). Thus, the previously described mechanisms by which BG releases ions to induce biomineralization in vitro and in vivo (Fagerlund, Hupa, & Hupa, 2013;Kasir et al, 2017;Nganga, Zhang, Moritz, Vallittu, & Hupa, 2012a;Posti et al, 2015;Ramesh, Tan, Hamdi, Sopyan, & Teng, 2004) were supported by the present study.…”

“…This effect has been documented in animal studies and clinically by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiological examinations (Vallittu, 2017). Out of the bioactive filler particles, silicate bioactive glasses (BGs) are used in surgery, when large, infected bone defects are augmented (Baino et al, 2019; Bjorkenheim et al, 2017; Bjorkenheim et al, 2019; Frantzen et al, 2011; Kankare & Lindfors, 2016; Rantakokko et al, 2012).…”

Recent advances on akermanite calcium‐silicate ceramic for biomedical applications

“…Also, the XRD patterns of the scaffolds containing AK after soaking in SBF confirmed the presence of the crystalline peak of apatite. It was evident from the patterns that silicate-based compounds, [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] particularly AK scaffolds, lead to apatite formation when soaked in SBF. The use of AK in vivo studies has shown that this substance has significantly higher expressions of osteogenic genes Col I, OCN, Sp7, and Runx2 at 6 and 12 weeks in post-implantation.…”

Fixation of Transparent Bone Pins with Photocuring Biocomposites

“…Nine biocomposite formulations (3 additives at 3 concentrations each) are evaluated for light-activated fixation of transparent plastic implants. Several inorganic additives are available for inducing osseointegration; however, we have limited the structure–property relationship parameters to two different types of inorganic particles: hydroxyapatite and silica-based bioactive glass − (BG; 45S5 composition). In order to demonstrate the relationship between mechanical properties and the size of the inorganic solid phase, we evaluate particles over 3 orders of magnitude: hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and microparticles (HNP < 200 nm and HMP = 10 ± 2.0 μm, respectively) and bioactive glass (BG < 32 μm).…”