Bioactive‐Tissue‐Derived Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Permanent Arterial Embolization and Enhanced Vascular Healing

Abstract

Transcatheter embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that uses embolic agents to intentionally block diseased or injured blood vessels for therapeutic purposes. Embolic agents in clinical practice are limited by recanalization, risk of non‐target embolization, failure in coagulopathic patients, high cost, and toxicity. Here, a decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based nanocomposite hydrogel is developed to provide superior mechanical stability, catheter injectability, retrievability, antibacterial properties, and biological activity to prevent recanalization. The embolic efficacy of the shear‐thinning ECM‐based hydrogel is shown in a porcine survival model of embolization in the iliac artery and the renal artery. The ECM‐based hydrogel promotes arterial vessel wall remodeling and a fibroinflammatory response while undergoing significant biodegradation such that only 25% of the embolic material remains at 14 days. With its unprecedented proregenerative, antibacterial properties coupled with favorable mechanical properties, and its superior performance in anticoagulated blood, the ECM‐based hydrogel has the potential to be a next‐generation biofunctional embolic agent that can successfully treat a wide range of vascular diseases.

Construction of multifunctional porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel blended with vancomycin for hemorrhage control, antibacterial action, and tissue repair in infected trauma wounds

“…designed a nanocomposite hydrogel based on an acellular cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) for vascular embolization, a wide range of miniature and standard clinical catheters are available that can swiftly inject the hydrogel into the wound and cause hemostasis, which has been published in Adv. Mater [ 34 ]. Therefore, ECM hydrogels is a relative new point to be applied in hemostasis application.…”

A Multifunctional Origami Patch for Minimally Invasive Tissue Sealing

“…In light of these shortcomings, bioadhesive materials have gained great attention as promising alternatives or adjuncts to sutures and staples for closing defects and attaching devices to organs. [ 2,3,7–14 ] However, most existing bioadhesives struggle to meet the functional requirements needed for practical use in minimally invasive surgery (Figure S1 and Table S1, Supporting Information). Most bioadhesives are available in the forms of liquids and glues, which can be easily displaced or diluted in dynamic and wet physiological environments.…”

Emerging Biomaterials‐Based Strategies for Inhibiting Vasculature Function in Cancer Therapy

“…It is caused by the synergistic binding of divalent cations to the G-block region of this unique polymer. Calcium alginate cross-linking networks have been reported for vascular embolism, [46][47][48] gelatin and silicate nanoclay, [49] decellularized tissue, and Laponite nanoclay [50] might all polymerize into hydrogel by electrostatic action also provided good shear thinning properties. These hydrogels will be summarized in below sections.…”

“…Excellent shear thinning was achieved by taking advantage of the dynamics of electrostatic action, which simplified the catheter delivery process (Figure 4F). [ 50 ]…”

“…F) Schematic diagram of the interaction between ECM proteins, NC and iodophor network under shear. Reproduced with permission [50]. Copyright 2020, Wiley.…”