Bioaffinity chromatography on monolithic supports

Abstract

Affinity chromatography on monolithic supports is a powerful analytical chemical platform because it allows for fast analyses, small sample volumes, strong enrichment of trace biomarkers and applications in microchips. In this review, the recent research using monolithic materials in the field of bioaffinity chromatography (including immunochromatography) is summarized and discussed. After giving an introduction into affinity chromatography, information on different biomolecules (antibodies, enzymes, lectins, aptamers) that can act as ligands in bioaffinity chromatography is presented. Subsequently, the history of monoliths, their advantages, preparation and formats (disks, capillaries and microchips) as well as ligand immobilization techniques are mentioned. Finally, analytical and preparative applications of bioaffinity chromatography on monoliths are presented. During the last four years 37 papers appeared. Protein A and G are still most often used as ligands for the enrichment of immunoglobulins. Antibodies and lectins remain popular for the analysis of mainly smaller molecules and saccharides, respectively. The highly porous cryogels modified with ligands are applied for the sorting of different cells or bacteria. New is the application of aptamers and phages as ligands on monoliths. Convective interaction media (epoxy CIM disks) are currently the most used format in monolithic bioaffinity chromatography.

In-column “click” preparation of hydrophobic organic monolithic stationary phases for protein separation

“…The two-step process involving a separate modification step has proved to be attractive as it enables the formation of numerous stationary phases from a single type of material with optimized size and porous properties. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-containing monoliths are among the most popular reactive polymer matrix and have been used to prepare a wide range of stationary phases for highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a variety of separation modes [10][11][12][13][14]. To face the challenge of high efficient separation of complex targets in fields of environment analysis, proteomics and metabolomics, the development of new versatile stationary phases and modification methods are desirable.…”

Chromatographic Immunoassays: Strategies and Recent Developments in The Analysis of Drugs and Biological Agents

“…For example, the use of nanomaterials, such as gold or silver nanoparticles, and quantum dots should continue to lead to new or enhanced detection methods and formats for these methods [19,[85][86][87][88][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]109]. The utilization of alternative supports, such as affinity monoliths, is also expected to continue [110][111][112][113][114][115][116]. In addition, further research is anticipated in the development of miniaturized chromatographic immunoassays that can be employed in microfluidic devices and portable or disposable devices [19,[26][27][28]30,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88]100,113,116].…”

Recent Progress of On-line Combination of Preconcentration Device with Microchip Electrophoresis

“…This technique also has been applied to CE and MCE formats, e.g., an application to two-dimensional MCE [23], immunoaffinity gel electrophoresis [24,25], chemical immobilization onto a monolithic column for affinity electrophoretic analysis [26], encapsulation of the biomolecules based on the sol-gel technologies [27], and so on [28], realizing the specific and rapid analyses of the biogenic compounds with small consumptions of samples/reagents. Recently, many researchers focus on the encapsulation of ligands into the hydrophilic gels since the affinity of the encapsulated ligands is well kept as compared to the other chemical immobilization techniques.…”