Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

Aldlgan, Abdulaziz A.; Torrance, Hazel J.

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.025

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…concentrations multiplied by flow rates of WW) or normalized data to the population within the WW catchment area. , which could be related to the fact that synthetic cannabinoids are highly and quickly metabolized by humans [86,87], and therefore should be mostly found as major metabolites in WW. The particular case of synthetic opioids is of major concern because of the epidemic increase of opioids consumption over the last years, especially in the US [88], with alarming news stories in the ordinary press [89][90][91].…”

Section: Investigation Of Nps In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring new psychoactive substances use through wastewater analysis: current situation, challenges and limitations

Bijlsma

Celma

López

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are compounds that produce similar effects to those induced by illicit drugs (ID), such as cocaine, cannabis and amphetamines, but are not strictly regulated by international conventions. The consumption of NPS is a growing public health problem in many communities. However, there is little knowledge regarding the extent and actual use of these new substances. Monitoring NPS use is arduous and, therefore, different sources of information need to be used to get more insight of the prevalence and diffusion of NPS use. Analysis of pooled urine (PU) and wastewater (WW) shows strong potential, giving a different and complementary light on this issue, although presents some limitations and challenges that must be taken into account. Liquid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is one of the most powerful approaches for screening a large number of NPS because of the accurate-mass full-spectrum acquisition measurements. By using a comprehensive and updated NPS database, LC-HRMS is flexible enough to confront the ever-changing NPS market. In this "current opinion", we give our point of view on the usefulness of PU and WW analysis, and on the potential application of wastewater-based epidemiology as source of information for NPS use, explaining the main bottlenecks and future perspectives in this emerging research field.

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Section: Investigation Of Nps In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring new psychoactive substances use through wastewater analysis: current situation, challenges and limitations

Bijlsma

Celma

López

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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“…Not knowing which compound is consumed and at which dose means that when identification or quantification are required in biological fluid of intoxicated consumers, the analytical challenge involves not only the large range of different compounds and/or metabolites to identify, but also the use of highly sensitive techniques, that allow the determination of the eventually low compounds concentrations. This occurrence is especially striking when alternative non-invasive biological matrices such as OF and hair are investigated in cases of intoxication and fatalities [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-122, JWH-210, UR-144 in Oral Fluid of Consumers by GC-MS and Quantification of Parent Compounds and Metabolites by UHPLC-MS/MS

Maida

Pellegrini

Papaseit

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The consumption of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has significantly increased in the last decade and the analysis of SCs and their metabolites in human specimens is gaining interest in clinical and forensic toxicology. A pilot study has been carried out using a combination of an initial last generation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening method for the determination of JWH-122, JWH-210, UR-144) in oral fluid (OF) of consumers and an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) confirmatory method for the quantification of the parent compounds and their metabolites in the same biological matrix. OF samples were simply liquid-liquid extracted before injecting in both chromatographic systems. The developed methods have been successfully validated and were linear from limit of quantification (LOQ) to 50 ng/mL OF. Recovery of analytes was always higher than 70% and matrix effect always lower than 15% whereas intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy were always better than 16%. After smoking 1 mg JWH-122 or UR-144 and 3 mg JWH-210, maximum concentration of 4.00–3.14 ng/mL JWH-122, 8.10–7.30 ng/mL JWH-210 ng/mL and 7.40 and 6.81 ng/mL UR-144 were measured by GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS respectively at 20 min after inhalation. Metabolites of JWH 122 and 210 were quantified in OF by UHPLC-HRMS, while that of UR144 was only detectable in traces. Our results provide for the first time information about disposition of these SCs and their metabolites in consumers OF. Last generation GC-MS has proven useful tool to identify and quantify parent SCs whereas UHPLC-HRMS also confirmed the presence of SCs metabolites in the OF of SCs consumers.

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“…It has also been associated with driving impairment cases . There is a lack of analytical research information available on 5F‐PB‐22 because it is relatively new to the market and consequently has not yet been fully characterized, thus, there is a need for sensitive methods to detect 5F‐PB‐22 at the low concentrations (e.g., ≤10 −7 M) found in biological fluids …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS and DFT study of 5F‐PB‐22

Alkaseem

Baron

2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In this work, a joint experimental and theoretical study on the synthetic cannabinoid, 5F-PB-22 (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid) is reported. The molecular vibrations of 5F-PB-22 were investigated by Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectroscopies. In parallel, quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with the hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation functional coupled with the standard 3-21G basis set were used to determine the geometrical and vibrational characteristics of 5F-PB-22 and to predict the adsorption geometry of the molecule on the silver colloidal surface. The SERS spectrum of 5F-PB-22 was recorded using a 532-nm laser line and a hydroxylamine phosphate reduced silver colloid as the SERS substrate. SERS and Raman spectral bands have been assigned by comparison with the DFT calculated spectrum. A self-aggregation spectrum was obtained, but in order to obtain a spectrum with NaCl as the aggregating agent, a two-step procedure was developed. It was found that 10-mM NaCl can be used as a trigger for aggregation before adding 5F-PB-22followed by the addition of 20-to 100-mM NaCl to complete aggregation. Using this procedure, 5F-PB-22 was easily detected at 2.12 × 10 −8 M. Based on a predicted molecular adsorption geometry from the calculated molecular electrostatic potential and the SERS spectrum, it is proposed that the quinoline moiety of the molecule lies in a preponderant parallel orientation to the silver surface with the plane of the indole ring being perpendicular to the surface.The molecular orientation is affected by the surface coverage by 5F-PB-22 and the presence of Cl − .

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Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

Cited by 30 publications

References 121 publications

Monitoring new psychoactive substances use through wastewater analysis: current situation, challenges and limitations

Monitoring new psychoactive substances use through wastewater analysis: current situation, challenges and limitations

Determination of the Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-122, JWH-210, UR-144 in Oral Fluid of Consumers by GC-MS and Quantification of Parent Compounds and Metabolites by UHPLC-MS/MS

SERS and DFT study of 5F‐PB‐22

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