Bioassay-directed fractionation of marine sediment solvent extracts from the east coast of Ireland

Giltrap, Michelle; Macken, Ailbhe; McHugh, Brendan; Hernan, Robert; Rourke, Kathleen O’; McGovern, Evin; Foley, Barry; Davoren, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.041

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The extract obtained from this analytical method undoubtedly is a crude one and contains many other compounds as well as OT compounds. Giltrap et al [2] reported the presence of other chemical contaminants as well as OT compounds in this extract, including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine compounds, and hydrocarbons C 20 to C 40 , and therefore other contaminant/ mixture effects cannot be ruled out in the present study. Integration of chemical and biological analysis is demonstrated with this initial screening of the extract, and can be used as a basis for future studies which would require further fractionation of the extract and subsequent testing on the cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…4) 2 , 0.980) milligrams of sediment/ml media AE SD, respectively. It should be noted that the method blank demonstrated significant toxicity at the top concentration with the AB assay, and top two sediment concentrations with the NR assay.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Tests With Crude and Blank Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have shown that three OT compounds were present in the extract (TBT, DBT, and MBT), each of which may contribute to toxicity to differing degrees. In addition to this, two unknown peaks were present in the chromatogram, and we have previously demonstrated that other types of compounds are present in the sample extract [2]. Increased sediment toxicity may be a consequence of additive and/or synergistic effects between these OT compounds and other anthropogenic compounds coextracted by the described method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Until recently, sediment quality in Ireland predominantly relied on chemical analysis alone, and established procedures to characterize potential toxicity were limited. However, recently we have reported a number of integrative methods for sediment environmental samples for linking biological and chemical analysis, including toxicity identification evaluation of pore water and elutriate samples [1], and bioassay-directed fractionation of sediment organic extracts for toxicity evaluation of sediment organic extracts containing high levels of organotin compounds with both the copepod Tisbe battagliai and the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro screening of organotin compounds and sediment extracts for cytotoxicity to fish cells

Giltrap

Macken

McHugh

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study reports an in vitro screening method for contaminants in sediment samples utilizing an RTG-2 cell line. This technique integrates cytotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry with the aim of achieving a toxicity evaluation of the sediment sample. The toxic effect of individual organotin (OT) compounds and their presence in the sediment sample is the focus of the present study; however, other contaminants are also discussed. The following OT compounds: tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), monobutyltin (MBT), triphenyltin (TPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and a sediment solvent extract are exposed to the RTG-2 fish cell line. Both the alamar blue (AB) and neutral red (NR) assays are used to assess cytotoxicity after 24-h and 96-h exposure. Methodology for preparation of a sediment solvent extract suitable for biological testing and analytical determination is also described. With the RTG-2 cells, the AB and NR assays had comparable sensitivity for each individual OT compound exposure after 24 h, with TPT being the most toxic compound tested. The individual OT compound concentrations required to induce a 50% toxic effect on the cells (369 ng ml⁻¹ TBT, 1,905 ng ml⁻¹ DBT) did not equate to the concentrations of these contaminants present in the sediment extract that induced a 50% effect on the cells (294 ng ml⁻¹ TBT, 109 ng ml⁻¹ DBT). The solvent extract therefore exhibited a greater toxicity, and this suggests that the toxic effects observed were not due to OT compounds alone. The presence of other contaminants in the solvent extract is confirmed with chemical analysis, warranting further toxicity testing of contaminant mixtures and exposure to the cell line to further elucidate a complete toxicity evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Cytotoxicity Tests With Crude and Blank Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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