Bioassay‐guided isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from ginger

Abstract

A bioassay-guided isolation of antifungal compounds from an African land race of ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, led to the identification of [6], [8] and [10]-gingerols and [6]-gingerdiol as the main antifungal principles. The compounds were active against 13 human pathogens at concentrations of <1 mg/mL. The gingerol content of the African land race was at least 3 x higher than that of typical commercial cultivars of ginger. Therefore, ginger extracts standardized on the basis of the identified compounds, could be considered as antifungal agents for practical therapy.

Gingerol Derivatives from the Rhizomes of Zingiber Officinale

“…2. Hence, the structure of 2 was established as a 5-dehydroxy 5-sulfonated derivative of [10]-gingerol, and named [10]-gingesulfonic acid (Fig. 1).…”

“…Comparison of the spectroscopic and physical data with those published allowed us to establish the structures of nine known gingerol derivatives, [6] As mentioned above, three sulfonated derivatives of gingerol were isolated from Zingiber officinale, and their structures were established as [8]-gingesulfonic acid (1), [10]-gingesulfonic acid (2), and [6]-gingesulfonic acid (3). However, the stereochemistry at C-5 of 1 -3 is still under investigation.…”

“…In this study, we report the isolation of two new sulfonated gingerol derivatives, [8]-gingesulfonic acid (1) and [10]-gingesulfonic acid (2), along with nine known gingerol derivatives, [6]-gingesulfonic acid (3) [11], 1-dehydro- [6]-gingerdione (4) [1], 1-dehydro- [8]-gingerdione (5) [1,12], 1-dehydro- [10]gingerdione (6) [12], [6]-gingerdione (7) [13], [10]gingerdione (8) [13], [6]-gingerol (9) [14,15], methyl [6]-gingerdiol (10) [16], and 6-hydroxyl- [6]-shogaol (11) [17] (Fig. 1).…”

“…Gingerols, the so-called "pungent principles", are the constituents responsible for the taste of ginger [1]. Phytochemical and pharmacological reports have shown that the major bioactive constituents of ginger, the gingerols, possess the following activities: anti-platelet aggregation [2,3], anticancer [4 -6], anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation [7,8], inhibition of COX-2 expression [9], antifungal [10] and others. Therefore the isolation and purification of the gingerols and their derivatives from ginger are of great interest.…”

Formulation and Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Nanoemulsion of a Blend of Antimicrobial Oils

“…19,20 Gingerols and gingerdiol from ginger are identified as being active against 13 human pathogens. 21 Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties. 23 Oleic acid, phenolic constituents, and squalene are the major active components of the fruit of Olea europaea (olive oil).…”