Bioassays based on higher plants as excellent dosimeters for ecotoxicity monitoring: A review

Abstract

All sorts of pollution on the planet can be traced back to development of industries and the most important among them is water pollution. Clean technologies, management practices and regular monitoring of effluents could be helpful to minimize the contamination of watersheds. Allium cepa (A. cepa) has been recognized as a promising genetic model to detect the toxicity of industrial wastewater, contaminated soil, river water, nuclear contamination and even for those systems which are considered non toxic. A. cepa is distinguished as a low cost test, easy to handle and sensitive to both in vivo and in vitro models. It offers the detection of damages in genetic material quantitatively and the results can be generalized for other biological and ecological systems. Moreover, the pollutants can be classified on the basis of this test present in industrial effluents and their mechanism of action on genetic material. This review focuses on the studies undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of industrial wastewater, contaminated river and soils.

Adsorption Mechanism of High-Concentration of Ammonium onto Chinese Natural Zeolite by Experimental Optimization and Theoretical Computation

“…The illustrative equations of the inspected models were documented in Table S1 and the isotherm parameters were presented in Table 6. The Langmuir model hypothesizes homogeneous and monolayer adsorption of ammonium by natural zeolite while the Freundlich model presumes heterogeneous and multilayer uptake [42,43]. Considering the values of χ 2 and R 2 , the adsorption result of ammonium by natural zeolite was consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich model with a preference for the Langmuir model as the tting result was of lower χ 2 value (Figure 7,Table 6).…”

Genotoxic effects induced by iprodione and tebuconazole in meristematic cells of Allium cepa: responses dependent on concentration and exposure time

“…It is valued for its versatility, feasibility, and compatibility with other animal test systems (Grant, 1982). Additionally, the response offered by plant-based models can simulate potential toxic effects on the trophic level of producers, allowing results to be interpreted from this perspective (Int & Iqbal, 2019). The literature mentions the advantages of using Allium cepa as a biological model because it allows the identi cation of mutagenic agents, providing data that can be extrapolated to the biodiversity of plants and animals (Maria Sabeen, et al, 2020).…”

“…However, there is a lack of su cient studies characterizing the genotoxic potential of TB in the scienti c literature. Vascular plants are used as models to assess the toxicity of chemical agents, mixtures, and environmental samples (Int & Iqbal, 2019). Therefore, toxicological studies conducted in plants as models are recommended to evaluate environmentally hazardous materials.…”

Removal Study of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Embedded Zero-Valent Iron: Effect of Reduction Methods

“…Water pollution, a known universal crisis, might cause a reduction in the population, or extinction, of living things; reduce the value of environmental resources; and pose a threat to ecological balance (Iqbal et al, 2019;Efimov et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020). The release of dye in wastewater generated from different industries has been considered to be an important source of water pollution (Bilal et al, 2016a;Nouren et al, 2017).…”