Bioavailability of elements in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter episodes at Central Eastern European urban background site

Juda-Rezler, Katarzyna; Zajusz-Zubek, Elwira; Reizer, Magdalena; Maciejewska, Katarzyna; Kurek, Eliza; Bulska, Ewa; Klejnowski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117993

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The total non-cancer risks (HIs) of the selected toxic elements for children and adults were 3.17 and 1.36, respectively, which exceeded the US EPA limit of 1.00. The HIs here were higher than those in Nanjing ( Li et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2019 ), Xinxiang ( Feng et al, 2016 ), Huzhou ( Peng et al, 2017 ), Mumbai ( Botle et al, 2020 ), Abuja ( Sulaymon et al, 2020 ), and Warsaw ( Juda-Rezler et al, 2021 ). The HI for children was 2.3 times that for adults during the study period, indicating that children were a high non-cancer risk group, which is in accordance with other reports ( Botle et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Levels of toxic elements in ambient PM 2.5 were measured from 29 October 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Linfen, China, to assess the health risks they posed and to identify critical risk sources during different periods of the COVID-19 lockdown and haze episodes using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a health-risk assessment model. The mean PM 2.5 concentration during the study period was 145 μg/m 3 , and the 10 investigated toxic elements accounted for 0.31% of the PM 2.5 mass. The total non-cancer risk (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) of the selected toxic elements exceed the US EPA limits for children and adults. The HI for children was 2.3 times that for adults for all periods, which is likely due to the high inhalation rate per unit body weight for children. While the TCR for adults was 1.7 times that of children, which is mainly attributed to potential longer exposure duration for adults. The HI and TCR of the toxic elements during full lockdown were reduced by 66% and 58%, respectively, compared to their pre-lockdown levels. The HI and TCR were primarily attributable to Mn and As, respectively. Health risks during haze episodes were significantly higher than the average levels during COVID-19 lockdowns, though the HI and TCR of the selected toxic elements during full-lockdown haze episodes were 68% and 17% lower, respectively, than were the levels during pre-lockdown haze episodes. During the study period, fugitive dust and steel-related smelting were the highest contributors to HI and TCR, respectively, and decreased in these emission sources contributed the most to the lower health risks observed during the full lockdown. There, the control of these sources is critical to effectively reduce public health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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“…However, these values remain lower than those measured from PM in other European cities. For example, atmospheric Cd concentrations ranged from 5.3 × 10 −4 to 9.2 × 10 −4 µg/m 3 in Warsaw in 2017 [33] and were significantly lower than those measured in southern China (0.019 µg/m 3 ) [34]. The authors of two recent studies used Grimmia mosses as a passive bioaccumulator of metallic elements in the urban environment [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Grimmia Mosses Good Biomonitors for Urban Atmospheric Metallic Pollution? Preliminary Evidence from a French Case Study on Cadmium

et al. 2021

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Assessment of human exposure to atmospheric metals is a challenge, and mosses seem to be good biomonitors to help this purpose. Lacking roots, they are easy to collect and analyze. However, to our knowledge, no formal comparison was made between cadmium (Cd) measurements in Grimmia mosses and alternative forecasts of atmospheric Cd pollution as those produced by the CHIMERE chemistry transport model. This work aims at studying this link to improve further biomonitoring. We compare 128 Cd measurements in the cemetery mosses of Paris and Lyon metropolitan areas (France) to CHIMERE Cd atmospheric forecasts. The area to consider around the cemetery for the CHIMERE forecasts has been defined by Kendall rank correlations between both information sources—Cd in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts—from different area sizes. Then, we fit linear models to those two data sets including step-by-step different sources of uncertainty. Finally, we calculate moss predictions to compare predictions and measurements in the two cities. The results show an apparent link between the Cd concentrations in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts including in addition the same unique covariate, the moss support (grave or wall), in the two cities. However, this model cannot be directly transposed from region to region because the strength of the link appears to be regional.

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“…Warsaw has the largest central heating supply system in the European Union, with over 1 800 km network, covering roughly 80% of the city's heat demand. However, the city is surrounded by numerous smaller suburb towns dominated by individual household heating, mainly using solid fuels (coal, wood) and gas, but also solid fuels of very low-quality, used engine oil and wastes (see e.g., Juda-Rezler et al, 2021).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Se in this fraction was excluded from the PMF analysis as having the S/N ratio < 0.2 (see Section 2.3), however 12% of the total mass of another marker of coal combustion -Asappears in the source profile. It is noteworthy that in wintertime in Warsaw, As and K appeared to be highly bioavailable to the living systems, with increasing bioavailability during the days of elevated air pollution levels, suggesting a higher risk to humans posed by emission from this source during those days (Juda-Rezler et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sulfatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantitative information on a broad range of elements allows for a detailed characterization of the composition of urban aerosol. That makes it all the more important that as was shown by Juda-Rezler et al, 2021, some of the elements are highly bioavailable and their bioavailability increases during episodes of PM pollution. In addition, such high temporal resolution of source apportionment leads to the detailed identification of PM sources together with their possible area of origin and provide unique information for the implementation of effective PM mitigation strategies in the investigated urban area, in particular during wintertime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Measurement report: Receptor modelling for source identification of urban fine and coarse particulate matter using hourly elemental composition

Reizer

Calzolai

Maciejewska

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Elemental composition of the fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) fraction of atmospheric particulate matter was measured at hourly time resolution by the use of a “streaker” sampler during a winter period at a Central European urban background site in Warsaw, Poland. A combination of multivariate (Positive Matrix Factorization), wind- (Conditional Probability Function) and trajectory-based (Cluster Analysis) receptor models, was applied for source apportionment. It allowed for identification of 5 similar sources in both fractions, including sulfates, soil dust, road salt, traffic- and industry-related sources. Another 2 sources, i.e., Cl-rich and wood and waste combustion, were identified in the fine fraction solely. In the fine fraction, aged sulfate aerosol related with emissions from solid fuel combustion in the residential sector located outside the city was the largest contributing source to fine elemental mass (44 %), while traffic-related sources, including soil dust mixed with road dust, road dust, as well as exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions, had the biggest contribution in the coarse elemental mass (together accounting for 83 %). Regional transport of aged aerosols and more local impact of the rest of identified sources played a crucial role in aerosol formation over the city. In addition, 2 intensive Saharan dust outbreaks were registered on 18th February and 8th March 2016. Both episodes were characterized by long-range transport of dust at 1 500 m and 3 000 m over Warsaw, as well as the concentrations of the soil component being 7 (up to 3.5 µg m−3) and 6 (up to 6.1 µg m−3) times higher than the mean concentrations observed during non-episodes days (0.5 µg m−3 and 1.1 µg m−3) in the fine and coarse fraction, respectively. The set of receptor models applied to the high time resolution data allowed to follow in detail the daily evolution of the aerosol elemental composition and to identify distinct sources contributing to the concentrations of different PM fractions, as well as revealed “multi-faces” of some elements, having diverse origin in the fine and coarse fraction. The hourly resolution of meteorological conditions and air mass back trajectories empower to follow transport pathways of the aerosol as well.

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Bioavailability of elements in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter episodes at Central Eastern European urban background site

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Are Grimmia Mosses Good Biomonitors for Urban Atmospheric Metallic Pollution? Preliminary Evidence from a French Case Study on Cadmium

Measurement report: Receptor modelling for source identification of urban fine and coarse particulate matter using hourly elemental composition

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