Bioavtur Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate through Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Processes

Sabarman, J.S.; Legowo, Evita H.; Widiputri, Diah Indriani; Siregar, Ali Rimbasa

doi:10.33116/ije.v2i2.40

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, the production of hydrocarbons with high C 15 carbon chains was reported. The production was influenced significantly by 3% (wt.%) catalyst loading [2]. Also, other catalysts based on Ni-Mo/SiO 2 and NiMo/zeolite were also reported to increase BAF production and activity [3][4].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking

Abdulloh

Rahmah²,

Sakti³

et al. 2022

Indones. J. Chem.

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The improvement in the design of mordenite-based catalysts focuses on the present study to fulfill the massive demand for bio-aviation fuel (BAF) as renewable energy. Modification of the mordenite through ionic impregnation of Fe, Cu, and Cr, has supported the mordenite to perform with better efficiency and activity in catalyzing the cracking process of stearic acid. The adjustment on catalytic activity was carried out by simply reacting the catalyst with stearic acid at 190 °C and investigating cracking products with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results of the GC-MS test of the cracking product showed the formation of alkane-alkene and aromatic compounds. BAF was selectively obtained (30.27%) when the reaction was catalyzed by FeCuCr/mordenite catalyst. The BAF derived from FeCuCr/mordenite contained hydrocarbons that include xylene, mesitylene, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane. However, reduced selectivity was realized (19.85%) when the reaction was catalyzed by nano FeCuCr/mordenite. Its hydrocarbon constituents include benzene, tetradecane, and pentadecane compounds.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking

Abdulloh

Rahmah²,

Sakti³

et al. 2022

Indones. J. Chem.

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“…Indonesia is also actively engaged in the development of green fuels in various forms, including green diesel [36][37][38][39] , sustainable aviation fuels 40) , and green gasoline 38,41) . The production of these green fuels can capitalize on existing and under-construction refineries by utilizing the zeolite-based catalyst currently being developed by the Bandung Institute of Technology 42,43) .…”

Section: Biofuel Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oil Fuels on the Energy Transition toward Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia: A Policy Review

Soemanto,

Mohi,

Muhammad Indra al Irsyad

et al. 2023

Evergreen

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The vision of achieving Net Zero Emissions introduces a sense of uncertainty within the oil and gas industry. Several studies have reviewed the potential contributions of the oil and gas industry to the NZE vision. However, these studies have overlooked the intricate dynamics between the oil and gas sector and its counterparts, specifically the biofuel and electric vehicle industries. Our research seeks to fill this gap by conducting a thorough review of energy policies governing transportation sector energy provision with Indonesia as a case study. The initial phase of our analysis entails assessing the continued relevance of the current oil supply targets outlined in the National Energy General Plan considering prevailing conditions. In the second stage, we engaged in purposeful discussions with a diverse array of key stakeholders to gain a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics inherent in energy policies. We found a consistent decline in crude oil imports since 2016, culminating in actual oil imports in 2020 that were only 40% of the anticipated imports outlined in the RUEN targets. Production from the Cepu block surpassed expectations, leading to the actual oil production from 2016 to 2020 exceeding the targets outlined in the RUEN. Indonesia also has consistently redirected its emphasis on oil exports to contribute to economic development capital. The State-owned Oil and Gas Company acquired crude oil from 80% of the 43 contractors in 2020 and distributed it within domestic markets. The escalating domestic crude oil supply, stemming from heightened oil production and constraints on oil exports, underscores the imperative for additional oil refinery capacity. In addition, Indonesia has implemented programs to develop biofuels and electric vehicles. Implementing these measures is crucial for adapting to shifts in the energy landscape and ensuring the sustainability and security of the energy supply for the transportation sector.

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“…The crude palm oil (CPO) is then processed into a variety of derivative products in various industries such as the food, energy and cosmetics and cleaning products. In the energy industry, CPO is processed into biodiesel, gasoline and avtur [4]. Currently, the world is starting to shift towards new and renewable energy due to the depletion of fossil energy sources while energy needs are increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential and Characterization of Oil Palm Loose Fruits (Lf) by Steaming and Pressure Steaming (Autoclaving) Process

Prihatiningtyas,

Ramadhan,

Purnomo

et al. 2023

Advances in Biological Sciences Research

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Generally the palm loose fruits (LF) that have passed the processing time are considered as solid waste. In this study, the potential of palm loose fruits (LF) will be investigated. Mechanical extraction to obtain crude palm oil (CPO) from palm loose fruits (LF) will be carried out. Before enter the extraction process, oil palm loose fruits (LF) will be softened by heating using steaming or pressure steaming (autoclaving). The oil palm loose fruits (LF) that have passed the processing delay of 4, 8 and 12 days will be characterized and investigated related to the composition of the mesocarp, seeds and yields, both by steaming and autoclaving. It was found that the composition of mesocarp of oil palm loose fruits (LF) at different processing delay by steaming or autoclaving process was ± 55% and the yield of oil (CPO) was around 15.3 -16.64%. The results also showed that autoclaving will give significantly more yields than steaming when the oil palm loose fruits (LF) had a 12-day delay in processing. The composition of the seeds or kernels of oil palm loose fruits (LF) was around 45%. Seeds known as kernels which can be processed to produce crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), further could offer the added economic value of palm loose fruits (LF). In addition, this study found that CPO of oil palm loose fruits (LF) contain palmitic acid, while palmitic acid increased with increasing processing delay of palm loose fruits. The palmitic acid content increases due to the hydrolysis process of the palm loose fruits. Palmitic acid is a type of saturated fatty acid that has similarities with hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum, so it can be determined that oil palm loose fruits (LF) that have passed the processing time up to 12 days still have potential as a source of biofuels.

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Bioavtur Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate through Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Processes

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking

Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking

The Role of Oil Fuels on the Energy Transition toward Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia: A Policy Review

The Potential and Characterization of Oil Palm Loose Fruits (Lf) by Steaming and Pressure Steaming (Autoclaving) Process

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