Biochar; a Remedy for Climate Change

Arif, Muhammad; Jan, Talha; Riaz, Muhammad; Fahad, Shah; Adnan, Muhammad; Amanullah, .; Ali, Kawsar; Mian, Ishaq Ahmad; Khan, Bushra; Rasul, Fahd

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_8

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…About 22% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions are contributed by agriculture and its allied sectors [ 6 ]. Researchers and scientists have committed to lower GHG emissions by 40–70% compared to 2010 values [ 7 ]. Intense use of farmlands for cultivation results in loss of CO 2 from soil to the atmosphere that decreases the soil organic matter (SOM) content [ 8 ]; while the plant activity is intimately associated with atmospheric CO 2 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

et al. 2021

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Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification (CASI) technologies comprising zero-tillage with crop residue retention (>30%) on the soil surface, diversified cropping systems, and balanced nutrient management are recognized as operative and efficacious strategies to ensure food security in the parts of South Asia. The present investigation was a component of CASI technologies undertaken in the farmers’ field of Malda (old alluvial Inceptisol) Coochbehar (recent alluvial Entisol) district, West Bengal (subtropical eastern India). This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term impact of contrasting tillage (zero and conventional) and cropping systems (rice–wheat and rice–maize) on total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions, viz., labile pool-1 (LP1), labile pool-2 (LP2) and recalcitrant carbon (RC) fractions after 4-year trial of conservation agriculture (CA) in the old and recent alluvial soils. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm), and thus, our study was focused on two factors, viz., cropping system and tillage. Results pointed that TOC along with LP1, LP2, and RC fractions under rice–maize (RM) cropping system were significantly (p<0.05) greater (15–35%) over rice–wheat (RW) system as a result of higher residue biomass addition. Zero-tillage (ZT) improved the C fractions by 10–20% over conventional tillage (CT) in all aspects. TOC and its fractions were observed to be greater under the ZT system in the topmost soil depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm), but the same system failed to improve these at 10–20 cm. Interestingly, the CT increased all the fractions at 10–20 cm depth due to the incorporation of crop residues. The concentration of TOC along with its fractions decreased with increasing soil depth was evident. Comparatively, all the C fractions, including TOC were maximum in soils from Malda sites as compared to Coochbehar sites because of a higher amount of residue biomass application, higher clay content, and greater background content of C in these soils. All the studied C fractions showed a significant correlation (r = >0.635; p<0.01) with TOC among all the soil depths in both the districts but the relationship with soil texture showed some interesting results. TOC fractions were significantly correlated (p<0.01) with clay particles indicating that its higher stabilization with clay in old alluvial Inceptisol (Malda); while in recent alluvial Entisol (Coochbehar), sand particle showed its strong relation with TOC fractions. Higher stratification ratio (SR) in the ZT system suggested that the concentration of TOC and its fractions are confined to the upper soil layers whereas in the case of CT, by and large, the distribution of these was comparatively high in subsequent soil depths due to residue incorporation effect. The concentration of C fractions in soils followed the order: TOC > RC > LP2 > LP1. The present investigation concluded that ZT under the RM system increases the turnover rates of C in both soil types but the amount of clay influences the stabilization/storage of C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

et al. 2021

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“…These can either be used alone or in combination. Examples of achievable increases in CO 2 adsorption after activation range from 1.9 to 4.4 mmol/g at 25 • C and 1 bar, with the maximum being 6.78 mmol/g at 30 • C and 1 bar for biochar impregnated with copper oxide [78].…”

Section: Functionalizing Biochar With Co 2 Adsorbent Capability To En...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most biochar is presently used in soil applications, but this may change as biochar use in carbon-neutral concrete begins to scale. There have been studies indicating that biochar application within soil can increase CO 2 emissions from the application site [78]. In one such study, a statistically significant increase of 28% in CO 2 emissions was found, calling into question the ability of the applied biochar to sequester carbon.…”

Section: Materials Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochar-based CO 2 adsorbents can improve carbon storage and minimize the amount of biochar needed to achieve carbon neutrality, which may be advantageous from a cost perspective depending on the balance of other ingredients within the concrete mix. There are four ways of activating biochar for CO 2 adsorption, as reported in [78]: (1) physical, (2) chemical, (3) surface functionalization, and (4) heteroatom doping and metal/metal oxide impregnation. These can either be used alone or in combination.…”

Section: Functionalizing Biochar With Co 2 Adsorbent Capability To En...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Carbon-Neutral Concrete through Biochar–Cement–Calcium Carbonate Composites: A Critical Review

2022

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High-density, high-permanence forms of carbon storage are in demand to save storage space on land or at sea while allowing the world to reach its climate targets. Biochar and calcium carbonate are two such forms that have been considered largely separately in the literature for carbon storage. In this paper, we consider how biochar and calcium carbonate might interact when they are used together with cement as part of a carbon storage system, ideally to form a carbon-neutral concrete. The carbon storage system stores atmospherically absorbed CO2 within concrete, thereby reducing carbon in the atmosphere. In addition, such a system will help in reducing cement usage, thus reducing the need for clinker in cement manufacturing and directly reducing CO2 emissions that result from limestone calcination during clinker manufacturing. Another benefit of such a composite storage system is its use in building structures, a use that has positive environmental and social impact. Thus, further research on the properties of this composite material is warranted. This paper explores the literature on the use of biochar combined with calcium carbonate and cement as carbon storage material. The use of recycled carbon aggregates (RCAs) and LC3 concrete as part of this approach is reviewed. The paper also addresses the possible compressive strength range of the biochar–cement–calcium carbonate composite material, along with other performance expectations. Obstacles to scaling the use of carbon-neutral concrete are identified and an array of research directions are presented, with the goal of improving carbon-neutral concrete and its use.

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“…(2012). Several mechanisms have been reported to explain the N 2 O emission reductions in biochar‐amended soils including: (1) increased adsorption of NO 3 (Singh et al., 2010; Van Zwieten et al., 2010), (2) improved soil physiochemical properties such as better soil aeration, constraining the activity of denitrifiers (Arif et al., 2020; van Zwieten et al., 2010), (3) decreased organic substrates availability to soil microorganisms (He et al., 2021; Kraus et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2021), resulting in lower activity by denitrifying (Wang, Yang, et al., 2020) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Liu et al., 2014), (4) increased soil pH, making conditions more suitable for microbial respiration (van Zwieten et al., 2014) and N 2 O reductase (Van Zwieten et al., 2010), thus a lower amount of N 2 O in the N gas products, (5) inhibition of N transformation processes at the nitrification stage (Zhang, Bian, et al., 2012, Zhang, Liu, et al., 2012; Das et al., 2014), (6) enhanced the immobilization of mineral N by soil microbes due to the high C:N ratio of biochar, (7) increased adsorption of N 2 O on biochar due to large surface area of biochar (He et al., 2019; Lentz et al., 2014), and (8) presence of inhibitory substances such as ethylene that suppress soil microbial activity (Spokas et al., 2010). Nitrogen fertilizers and organic amendments are known to stimulate N 2 O emissions from soils (Aliyu et al., 2021; Charles et al., 2017).…”

Section: Advances In the Effect Of Biochar Application To Agricultura...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions

et al. 2023

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Biochar is one of the few nature‐based technologies with potential to help achieve net‐zero emissions agriculture. Such an outcome would involve the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agroecosystems and optimization of soil organic carbon sequestration. Interest in biochar application is heightened by its several co‐benefits. Several reviews summarized past investigations on biochar, but these reviews mostly included laboratory, greenhouse, and mesocosm experiments. A synthesis of field studies is lacking, especially from a climate change mitigation standpoint. Our objectives are to (1) synthesize advances in field‐based studies that have examined the GHG mitigation capacity of soil application of biochar and (2) identify limitations of the technology and research priorities. Field studies, published before 2022, were reviewed. Biochar has variable effects on GHG emissions, ranging from decrease, increase, to no change. Across studies, biochar reduced emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) by 18% and methane (CH4) by 3% but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by 1.9%. When biochar was combined with N‐fertilizer, it reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in 61%, 64%, and 84% of the observations, and biochar plus other amendments reduced emissions in 78%, 92%, and 85% of the observations, respectively. Biochar has shown potential to reduce GHG emissions from soils, but long‐term studies are needed to address discrepancies in emissions and identify best practices (rate, depth, and frequency) of biochar application to agricultural soils.

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Biochar; a Remedy for Climate Change

Cited by 17 publications

References 99 publications

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

Toward Carbon-Neutral Concrete through Biochar–Cement–Calcium Carbonate Composites: A Critical Review

Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions

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