Biochar and Organic Amendments for Sustainable Soil Carbon and Soil Health

Rahman, G. K. M. Mustafizur; Rahman, Mizanur; Alam, M. S.; Kamal, Md. Ziauddin; Mashuk, H. A.; Datta, Rahul; Meena, Ram Swaroop

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_3

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 121 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…An array of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties have been adopted in the soil health assessment system, including soil pH, salinity, sodicity, organic matter content, penetration resistance (hardness), bulk density, structure, aggregate stability, available water capacity, infiltration rate, CEC, erosion rating, root health rating, active carbon content, protein content, respiration rate, presence of earthworms, potentially mineralizable N content, available plant nutrient contents, and toxic element contents [31][32][33]. Recommended management practices to improve and sustain soil health extend to crop rotation, cover crop planting, conservation tillage, land application of crop residues, manure, and organic composts, agronomic fertilization, liming, and biochar amendment [33,34].…”

Section: The Mechanisms For Biochar To Improve Soil Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochar amendment enhances the overall health of a soil by rectifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties to plant favorable conditions. The environmentally recalcitrant material possesses remarkable water-holding and nutrient-retention capacities, able to help soil conserve water and nutrients [34]. Research has demonstrated that appropriate biochar amendment reduces soil bulk density and penetration resistance, increases soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity, and enhances soil aggregate stability and available water capacity (AWC) [20,35].…”

Section: The Mechanisms For Biochar To Improve Soil Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health

Guo

2020

Soil Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amending soil with biochar is a promising approach to persistently improve soil health and promote crop growth. The efficacy of soil biochar amendment, however, is soil specific, biochar dependent, and influenced by the biochar application programs. To maximize the benefits of biochar application, this paper proposes the 3R principles for applying biochar to soils: right biochar source, right application rate, and right placement in soil. The quality of biochar as a soil amendment varies significantly with the feedstock and the production conditions. Biochar products capable of everlastingly sustaining soil health are those with high stable organic carbon (OC) content and high water- and nutrient-holding capacities that are manufactured from uncontaminated biomass materials. Acidic, coarse-textured, highly leached soils respond remarkably more to biochar amendment than other types of soils. Soil amendment with particular biochars at as low as 0.1 mass% (equivalent to 2 Mg ha−1) may enhance the seasonal crop productivity. To achieve the evident, long-term soil health improvement effects, wood- and crop residue-derived biochars should be applied to soil at one time or cumulatively 2–5 mass% and manure-derived biochars at 1–3 mass% soil. Optimal amendment rates of particular biochar soil systems should be prescreened to ensure the pH of newly treated soils is less than 7.5 and the electrical conductivity (EC) below 2.7 dS m−1 (in 1:1 soil/water slurry). To maximize the soil health benefits while minimizing the erosion risk, biochar amendment should be implemented through broadcasting granular biochar in moistened conditions or in compost mixtures to cropland under low-wind weather followed by thorough and uniform incorporation into the 0–15 cm soil layer. Biochars are generally low in plant macronutrients and cannot serve as a major nutrient source (especially N) to plants. Combined chemical fertilization is necessary to realize the synergic beneficial effects of biochar amendment.

show abstract

Section: The Mechanisms For Biochar To Improve Soil Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mechanisms For Biochar To Improve Soil Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health

Guo

2020

Soil Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modern agricultural farming traditions, beside the irrational use of chemical products over the past four decades have resulted in not only loss of natural habitat balance and soil health but have also caused many hazards like soil erosion, decreased groundwater level, soil salinization, pollution due to fertilizers and pesticides, genetic erosion, negative effects on environment, reduced food quality and increased the cost of cultivation, rendering the farmer poorer year by year [1,2]. The ill effects of modern agriculture practices have now provoked the need of the eco-friendly and healthy farming practices such as organic farming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biofertilizers and Biochar on the Plant Growth and Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max)

Atluri

Thakur

Bukke

et al. 2021

IJPSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field experiment was conducted in Organic farm of Amity university Noida, Uttar Pradesh, during the kharif season, to evaluate the sole and conjoint effect of biofertilizers and biochar on the yield, growth and productivity of Soybean (Glycine max). The five treatments viz. T1 (Control), T2 (Biochar), T3 (Biochar + Rhizobium), T4 (Biochar + Azospirillum) and T5 (Biochar + Rhizobium + Azospirillum) were used. Plant growth parameters like shoot length, root length, number of leaves, pod length, pod girth, plant height, crop yield and soil parameters were observed for the effect of various treatments. Among the all treatments the treatment T3 (Biochar with Rhizobium) maximum shoot length (52.30), root length (17.30) followed by T4 (Biochar + Azospirillum) and plant productive are maximum mean of number of pods was recorded in T3 (Biochar + Rhizobium) i.e. 32.6, whereas minimum (30.1) was recorded in T1(control) followed by T4(Biochar + Azospirillum) i.e.32.41, T5 (Biochar + Rhizobium + Azospirillum) i.e. 31.05 and T2 (Biochar) i.e.31.31 has shown significant effect on plant growth characters and plant yield. These results indicate that the conjoint use of biochar and Rhizobium have potential to enhance the crop performance and simultaneously improves the soil properties for sustainable farming without reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.

show abstract

“…Given the shortcomings of either inorganic and/or organic fertilizers, and biochar use in lowland rice paddies as highlighted above, co-applications of inorganic and/or organic fertilizers and biochar amendments, though with differing effects, has been proposed as a suitable practice to achieve sustainable soil health, yield production, and GHG emissions mitigation ( Rahman et al., 2020 ). For example, Abagandura et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contrasting results may be due to differing soil conditions, biochar feedstock, pyrolysis methods, biochar application rate and intervals, as well as experimental duration and management practices (Saarnio, 2015;Song et al, 2016). Given the shortcomings of either inorganic and/or organic fertilizers, and biochar use in lowland rice paddies as highlighted above, coapplications of inorganic and/or organic fertilizers and biochar amendments, though with differing effects, has been proposed as a suitable practice to achieve sustainable soil health, yield production, and GHG emissions mitigation (Rahman et al, 2020). For example, Abagandura et al (2019) revealed a reduction in cumulative N 2 O fluxes from a sandy loam soil amended with plant-based biochar plus dairy manure, attributed to improved aeration and a subsequent reduction in denitrification, and no significant effects on the cumulative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-application of poultry-litter biochar with Azolla has synergistic effects on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy soils

Kimani

Bimantara

Hattori

et al. 2020

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poultry-litter biochar and Azolla as green manure amendments are reported to enhance paddy soil fertility and rice yields. However, whether their co-application in lowland rice paddies has synergistic effects and whether those benefits are accompanied by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of poultry-litter biochar (hereafter: biochar) and its co-application with Azolla as green manure (hereafter: Azolla), on the simultaneous methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from a lowland paddy soil planted with rice during a single rice growing season in Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan. Biochar and Azolla amendments were applied once before rice was transplanted at a density of 20 t ha −1 and 133.9 kg N ha −1 , respectively. Compared with NPK, NPK + biochar, and Azolla only treatments, Azolla and biochar co-application (i.e., Azolla + biochar) significantly increased CH 4 emissions by 33%–197.6% in the early stages of rice growth (before 63 days after transplanting, DAT), but did not significantly influence CH 4 emissions at both late rice growth stages (after 63 DAT,) and whole rice growth period (112 DAT). Conversely, Azolla + biochar significantly reduced N 2 O emissions by 83.0%–97.1% before 63 DAT, and by 76.4%–95.9% during the whole rice growth period at 112 DAT, with a significantly high interaction between biochar and fertilizer amendments. There were no significant N 2 O emission differences among all treatments after 63 DAT. Additionally, Azolla + biochar significantly increased rice grain yield by 27.3%–75.0%, and consequently, decreased both yield-equivalent CH 4 emissions by 24.7%–25.0% and N 2 O emissions by 81.8%–97.7%. Our findings suggest that the co-application of poultry-litter biochar and Azolla as green manure offers a novel approach to increase rice yield while reducing the emissions of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases.

show abstract

Biochar and Organic Amendments for Sustainable Soil Carbon and Soil Health

Cited by 42 publications

References 121 publications

The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health

The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health

Evaluation of Biofertilizers and Biochar on the Plant Growth and Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max)

Co-application of poultry-litter biochar with Azolla has synergistic effects on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy soils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About