Biochar improves N cycling during composting of olive mill wastes and sheep manure

López-Cano, Inés; Roig, A.; Cayuela, María Luz; Alburquerque, José Antonio; Sánchez-Monedero, Miguel Á.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.031

Cited by 179 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The use of biochar as a compost additive is reported to have a marked influnce on N dynamics, with a decrease in N losses being the most commonly reported effect ( Steiner et al., ; Chowdhury et al, ; Sánchez‐García et al, ; López‐Cano et al, ). The evolution of N 2 O‐N emissions was similar to those of CO 2 ‐C and together with those of NH 3 ‐N reflected temperature dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses during composting of carbonized and un‐carbonized agricultural residues in northern Ghana

Manka’abusi

Steiner

Haering

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Adding biochar to nutrient rich organic matter during composting reportedly reduces nitrogen (N) volatilization and carbonization of feedstock stabilized organic carbon (C). We studied the effects of biochar, produced from agricultural residue as compost additives, on CO2, N2O, and NH3 fluxes in northern Ghana. Three biochar types [from corn cobs (cCC), rice husks (cRH), and wood (cWO)] and their uncharred feedstocks (CC, RH, and WO), were co‐composted with poultry manure (15 vol.‐%) and rice straw (60 vol.‐%) in randomly allocated 1 m3 compost bins. Emissions were measured using a closed chamber system composed of a photo‐acoustic infrared gas analyser (INNOVA 1312‐5). Biochar amended composts showed higher CO2‐C emission rates during the initial composting phase. Maximum CO2‐C flux rates during the first week reached 15 g CO2‐C m−2 h−1 in cRH and 12 g CO2‐C m−2 h−1 for RH, while those from cCC were 19 g CO2‐C m−2 h−1 and from CC 14 g CO2‐C m−2 h−1. Respiration significantly dropped during the last week of composting and lower rates recorded with carbonized compared with the un‐carbonized feedstocks. Total CO2‐C losses were 12 kg m−2 34 d−1 for RH and 9 kg m−2 34 d−1 for cRH, resulting in a 29% reduction of CO2‐C. Emissions were 9 and 10 kg CO2‐C m−2 34 d−1 for cCC and CC, while cWO and WO emitted 7 and 8 kg CO2‐C m−2 34 d−1, respectively. Volatilization of NH3‐N was significantly lower in compost containing cWO (89 g N m−2 34 d−1) compared to WO (166 g N m−2 34 d−1), while N2O‐N emissions were lower in compost mixtures containing cRH (27%), cCC (7%), and cWO (16%) compared with their un‐carbonized feedstock.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses during composting of carbonized and un‐carbonized agricultural residues in northern Ghana

Manka’abusi

Steiner

Haering

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…In this study, the highest temperature was reached in the biochar additive treatment. López-Cano [46] reported that the addition of biochar favored activation of the composting process. Elemental analysis (that is, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and S) of the samples were performed according to standard nitric acid-hydrochloric acid digestion (3030 F, APHA) [35] and using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) (ICPS -7510; Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: The Effect On Temperature Ph and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect On Temperature Ph and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste

2018

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The effectiveness of co-additives for improving livestock waste composting (reduction of air pollution and conservation of nutrients) was investigated. Biochar and Flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) were used to supplement the composting of a mixture of slaughter waste, swine slurry, and sawdust. Different compositions of additives (0% or 5% each, 10% biochar or FGD gypsum) were tested in triplicate on the laboratory scale. In addition, the effects of two different aeration schemes (continuous and intermittent) were also investigated. Ammonia volatilization, physicochemical characteristics, and compost maturity indices were investigated. The results indicated that the use of the co-additive (Biochar and FGD gypsum) during composting of livestock waste led to a reduction of ammonia volatilization by 26-59% and to a 6.7-7.9-fold increase of nitrate accumulation. The total ammonia volatilization of intermittent aeration treatment was lower than that of continuous aeration using co-additives treatment. It was concluded that co-additives (biochar and FGD gypsum) might be utilized in livestock waste composting to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nutrient conservation.Sustainability 2018, 10, 795 2 of 18 both the aeration rate and the ratio of bulking agent to waste during composting [8,9]. Among the potential odor compounds, ammonia (NH 3 ) is a major component that causes odors nuisance and toxicity to humans and plants [10]. Nitrogen losses that occurred during composting resulted in the emission of ammonia (NH 3 ) gas (ammonia volatilization) accounted for 24-33% of the initial N in household waste [11], 46.8-77.4% of the initial N of a mixture of straw and manure [12], 62% of the initial N was during composting of poultry layer manure [13], and 24-64% of the nitrogen was in organic waste [14]. The volatilization of ammonia deteriorating both human health and the environment would reduce the fertilizer value of the organic waste. Barrington et al. [15] reported that carbon availability, bulking agent, particle size, moisture content, and aeration regime are the factors that determine whether composting results in N volatilization as odor or N immobilization into organic components. The odor emission rate was correlated with both the aeration rate and the ratio of bulking agent to waste when composting [8].The utilization of chemical and biological additives to mitigate ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss during the composting process has been extensively studied. These additives have included wood fly ash, lime, phosphor-gypsum, polyethylene glycol, jaggery [16], zeolite [17], bentonite [18], superphosphate [19], and microbial inoculants [20]. Among these additives, biochar was popular to be amended in the composting mixture. Biochar is a carbon rich material produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass, was effective for reducing volatilization of ammonia during the composting of a mixture of sewage sludge and wood chips [21]. The faster decomposition process in the bio-oxidative phase...

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“…Maximum rate of decomposition shows higher microbial activities [23]. Accumulation of high ash contents in experimental trials was due to organic matter fast decomposition by microbes [24]. Furthermore, the ash content is an additional sign of decomposition process that shows a high degree of decomposition by high degree of accumulation.…”

Section: Ashmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of <I>Salmonella</I> on Decomposition of Poultry Litter

Mushtaq¹,

Kasur²,

Khan³

et al. 2018

J. Sci. Res.

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Chicken litter is a significant source of nutrients for production of crops and to reduce the impact of human pathogens on environment. The physicochemical properties of poultry litter mixture compost was assessed against the maturity and stability indices such as carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrate (NO 3 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Humification Index (HI), Humification Rate (HR) and Degree of Polymerization (DP). The use of Salmonella significantly improves the humification process and physicochemical properties of final compost product are better in comparison to control trial. The most prominent effects was the fast rise in temperature from mesophilic to thermophilic stage was accompanied by an increase in NH4+-N that gradually decrease near the maturation phase. Moreover, the decrease in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in DP, CEC, HI, HR, phosphorous and potassium was also observed. A significant correlation was found between the maturity and stability parameters like C: N ratio, cation exchange capacity, humification index, degree of polymerization, humification rate and nitrate. Therefore, it is acclaimed that isolated microorganisms Salmonella from poultry litter promote the stable compost formation.

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Biochar improves N cycling during composting of olive mill wastes and sheep manure

Cited by 179 publications

References 27 publications

Gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses during composting of carbonized and un‐carbonized agricultural residues in northern Ghana

Gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses during composting of carbonized and un‐carbonized agricultural residues in northern Ghana

The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste

Effect of <I>Salmonella</I> on Decomposition of Poultry Litter

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