Biochar type and pyrolysis temperature effects on soil quality indicators and structural stability

Saffari, N.; Hajabbasi, Mohammad Ali; Shirani, H.; Mosaddeghi, Mohammad Reza; Mamedov, A. I.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110190

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Our results agreed with the findings of Karimi et al (2020), who reported that the addition of corn biochar increased the SOC content of calcareous soil under incubation conditions. Saffari et al (2020) also reported that the SOC content in a sandy loam soil Fig. 3 DTPA-extractable Cd and Cd distribution in exchangeable (Exch), bound to carbonates (Car), bound to iron-manganese oxides (Fe-MnOx), bound to organic matter (OM), and residual fractions (Res) in different treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fe-Modified Common Reed Biochar Reduced Cadmium (Cd) Mobility and Enhanced Microbial Activity in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

Moradi

Karimi

2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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The immobilization of soil cadmium (Cd) by biochar and modified biochar is an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy. In the current study, the effect of raw biochar (BC) and iron-modified biochar (Fe-BC) derived from common reed on the fractionation and mobility of Cd was evaluated, as was its effect on soil microbial activity in contaminated calcareous soil. Treatments involved a combination of two factors: type of biochar (CK: Control, BC, and Fe-BC) and soil Cd concentration (0, 15, and 30 mg kg −1). Treatments were applied to the soil and incubated for 90 days. The application of both biochars increased soil pH and soil organic carbon content (16.6-48.0%), microbial biomass carbon (40.5-75.1%), basal respiration (16.6-48.0%), substrate-induced respiration (12.4-41.9), and dehydrogenase activity (25.5-102.1%), while it reduced diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)extractable Cd (22.1-39.5%). The addition biochars, particularly Fe-BC, prominently decreased the concentration of exchangeable and carbonate fractions and increased the concentration of Fe-MnOx, as well as the organic and residual fractions of Cd in the soil. Moreover, relative to the control treatment, the incorporation of raw and Fe-modified biochar into 30 mg kg −1 Cd-spiked soil significantly decreased the Cd mobility factor (MF) value by 14.5 and 21.8%, respectively. Fe-modified biochar had a more significant impact than raw biochar on the immobilization of Cd in the soil, and its improved soil microbial activity to a greater extent. Overall, the findings indicate that Fe-modified biochar derived from common reed can immobilize Cd and improve soil microbial attributes in contaminated calcareous soil. Therefore, it can be used as an eco-friendly amendment for restoring Cdcontaminated calcareous soil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fe-Modified Common Reed Biochar Reduced Cadmium (Cd) Mobility and Enhanced Microbial Activity in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

Moradi

Karimi

2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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“…e nitrogen element starts to volatilize at low temperatures (approximately 200°C) due to the cleavage and break of weak bonds within the biochar structure. Intani et al [39] and Saffari et al [67] showed that large amounts of N are lost as N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 . As pyrolysis temperature increases (above 300°C), the nitrogen is transformed into a heterocyclic aromatic form with more stable structures (i.e., pyridine, pyrrole, and quaternary nitrogen) [68].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Derived from Domestic Sewage Sludge: Influence of Temperature Pyrolysis on Biochars’ Chemical Properties and Phytotoxicity

Zoghlami

Hechmi

Weghlani

et al. 2021

Journal of Chemistry

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The pyrolytic conversion of domestic sewage sludge (SS) into biochar is a promising method to reduce its large volume and recycle its high-value fuel gas as renewable energy and the use of its chemicals as soil fertilizers. Even though the effects of pyrolysis temperature on energy recovery have been extensively studied, little information has been found on nutrient recovery and biochar’s phytotoxicity before its reuse as a soil amendment. This study aims to investigate the ideal pyrolysis temperature that guarantees higher fertility levels as well as meeting quality standards for land disposal. Accordingly, air-dried domestic sewage sludge has been pyrolyzed at 260°C (PSS1), at 420°C (PSS2), and at 610°C (PSS3) with a residence time of 20, 40, and 60 minutes, respectively. The raw sewage sludge and the produced biochars have been analyzed to determine their volatile organic matter (VOM), mineral content (MC), nutrients’ level (total nitrogen TN, available phosphorus P, and potassium K), alkalinity (pH), and salinity (electrical conductivity EC and Na). The toxic effect of biochars derived from SS has been evaluated through the analysis of trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn) and their toxicity by measuring root elongation inhibition (REI). As expected, pyrolysis temperature has a significant impact on the biochars’ characteristics. This has been justified by higher VOM, TN, and P in the sewage sludge (SS) and the biochar (PSS1) produced at low temperature (260°C). However, higher pH, EC, Na, and K have been found in the biochars (PSS2 and PSS3) produced at higher temperature (420 and 610°C). The effect of pyrolysis temperature on trace metals concentrations has shown different patterns from one element to another, which indicates lower levels in the biochar (PSS2) produced at 420°C. As a result, the lowest REI has been observed in PSS2 compared to that in SS, PSS1, and PSS3, which highlights that 420°C is the ideal pyrolysis temperature for the safe reuse of SS as a soil amendment.

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“…In the HEMC method, aggregates' wetting rate is accurately controlled, and energy of hydration, differential swelling, and compression of entrapped air are the main forces responsible for breaking down of aggregates. This method enables the detection of small changes in soil structure and had been successfully applied in the determination of structure stability indices of soils from humid and arid regions with a wide range of stability [41,42].…”

Section: Determination Of Soil Structural Stability Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, stable micro-aggregates play a critical role in the long-term stabilization of soil organic matter, whereas less stable macro-aggregates provide only a small physical protection [50]. In turn, good and stable soil structure facilitate the supply of food source for soil microbes and subsequently SOC development, and hence, positive feedback exists between microbial activity, SOC accumulation, and soil structure formation [36,42,51,52].…”

Section: Soil Organic Carbon and Polyacrylamide Effect On Soil Structure Stability Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Structure Stability under Different Land Uses in Association with Polyacrylamide Effects

Mamedov¹,

Tsunekawa²,

Haregeweyn³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Soil structural stability is a vital aspect of soil quality and functions, and of maintaining sustainable land management. The objective of this study was to compare the contribution of four long-term land-use systems (crop, bush, grass, and forest) coupled with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM = 0, 25, and 200 mg L−1) application on the structural stability of soils in three watersheds of Ethiopia varying in elevation. Effect of treatments on soil structural stability indices were assessed using the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC, 0–50 hPa) method, which provides (i) water retention model parameters α and n, and (ii) soil structure index (SI). Soil (watershed), land use and PAM treatments had significant effects on the shape of the water retention curves (α, n) and SI, with diverse changes in the macropore sizes (60–250; >250 μm). Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SI were strongly related to soil pH, CaCO3 soil type-clay mineralogy, exchangeable Ca2+, and Na+ (negatively). The order of soil SI (0.013–0.064 hPa−1) and SOC (1.4–8.1%) by land use was similar (forest > grass > bush > cropland). PAM effect on increasing soil SI (1.2–2.0 times), was inversely related to SOC content, being also pronounced in soils from watersheds of low (Vertisol) and medium (Luvisol) elevation, and the cropland soil from high (Acrisol) elevation. Treating cropland soils with a high PAM rate yielded greater SI (0.028–0.042 hPa−1) than untreated bush- and grassland soils (0.021–0.033 hPa−1). For sustainable management and faster improvement in soil physical quality, soil properties, and land-use history should be considered together with PAM application.

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Biochar type and pyrolysis temperature effects on soil quality indicators and structural stability

Cited by 52 publications

References 59 publications

Fe-Modified Common Reed Biochar Reduced Cadmium (Cd) Mobility and Enhanced Microbial Activity in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

Fe-Modified Common Reed Biochar Reduced Cadmium (Cd) Mobility and Enhanced Microbial Activity in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

Biochar Derived from Domestic Sewage Sludge: Influence of Temperature Pyrolysis on Biochars’ Chemical Properties and Phytotoxicity

Soil Structure Stability under Different Land Uses in Association with Polyacrylamide Effects

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