2004
DOI: 10.1080/08958370490442430
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Biochemical and Behavioral Effects of Soman Vapors in Low Concentrations

Abstract: Soman belongs to the most dangerous nerve agents because of the low effectiveness of the presently available antidotes. Soman acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) both peripherally and centrally, with a subsequent accumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine and other metabolic changes. From the data published in literature it can be concluded that exposure to nerve agents leading to acute effects or chronic exposure to nerve agents may lead to delayed and persistent adverse effects. The aim of this s… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…There are few studies on the inhalation toxicity of various CWNAs (Anthony et al 2004;Bajgar et al 2004;Bide and Risk 2004;Henderson et al 2002;Kassa et al 2001Kassa et al , 2004aKassa et al , 2004bLangenberg et al 1998;Levy et al 2004;Mioduszewski et al 2002;Sevelova et al 2003a;Spruit et al 2000;van Helden et al 2004bvan Helden et al , 2004a. Lack of inhalation studies with CWNAs is mainly due to the complexity of conducting inhalation experiments without compromising safety.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…There are few studies on the inhalation toxicity of various CWNAs (Anthony et al 2004;Bajgar et al 2004;Bide and Risk 2004;Henderson et al 2002;Kassa et al 2001Kassa et al , 2004aKassa et al , 2004bLangenberg et al 1998;Levy et al 2004;Mioduszewski et al 2002;Sevelova et al 2003a;Spruit et al 2000;van Helden et al 2004bvan Helden et al , 2004a. Lack of inhalation studies with CWNAs is mainly due to the complexity of conducting inhalation experiments without compromising safety.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Several studies revealed that rats and guinea pigs presented with anxiety-related behavior when tested in the open field and in the elevated T-maze days to months after an acute exposure to a low dose of soman (Sirkka et al, 1990;Baille et al, 2001;Mamczarz et al, 2010). In addition, Bajgar et al (2004) reported that, 1 month after the inhalational exposure to 0.7Â LCt 50 sarin (i.e., 70% of the median lethal concentration), female guinea pigs presented increased locomotor activity and exacerbated stereotypic behaviors that are suggestive of anxiety (Choi et al, 2013).…”
Section: Animal Models Of Op Intoxicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only recently have there been systematic studies to understand respiratory toxicity induced by inhalation of CWNAs (Bajgar et al 2004a(Bajgar et al , 2004bAnthony et al 2004;Bide and Risk 2004;Benschop et al 1998;van Helden et al 2004b;Anzueto et al 1990;Allon et al 1998Allon et al , 2005Levy et al 2004). Respiratory symptoms following inhalation exposure to nerve agents are mediated by chemical irritation, muscarinic and nicotinic receptor overstimulation, and central nervous system toxicity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Current animal inhalation exposure models of CWNAs include nose-only delivery in a chemical hood or exposure of the whole animal in a whole body dynamic chamber (Bide and Risk 2004;Bajgar et al 2004b;Benschop et al 1998). Both methods are limited by the need for large amounts of CWNAs for exposure.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%