Biochemical changes of brain and liver in neonatal offspring of rats fed monosodium-l-glutamate

Prosky, Leon; O'Dell, R. G.

doi:10.1007/bf01928675

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in these studies, the statistical evaluation of the data and the reporting were considered of limited quality. Further oral studies (Semprini, ; Prosky and O'Dell, and Frieder and Grimm, , ) in rats showed neurodevelopmental effects at 1,000–10,000 mg/kg bw per day. However, these studies and the reporting were considered limited by the Panel.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a two-generation study on effects on selected brain and liver metabolites, male and female Holtzman rats (n = unknown) were fed diets containing 0% or 10% of MSG (equivalent to 0 and 9,000 mg/kg bw per day) for 100 days before mating (Prosky and O'Dell, 1972). Administration of the test compound during mating, gestation and lactation was not described.…”

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short-term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health-based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose-response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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“…The neurotoxic effects of MSG on neonatal rodents are not limited solely to the somatotroph axis. MSG leads to estrous cycle irregularity and infertility in some (Olney, 1969;Holzwarth-McBride et al, 1976;Bakke et al, 1978), but not all (Adamo and Ratner, 1970;Prosky and O'Dell, 1972;Trentini et al, 1974) studies. The effect of neonatal MSG treatment on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in rats is controversial.…”

Section: Jmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Depletion in the Female Rat: Similarities to Aging

Thompson

Norton

Rodriguez-Sierra

et al. 1996

The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and M

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The age-related decline in growth hormone (GH) secretion has been largely attributed to age-related degeneration of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-producing neurons. GH decline has recently been linked to age-related bone changes in humans. Bone loss and decreased bone strength are common in aging rats and humans, but density of remaining mineral tissue is known to be increased. The effect of induced hypothalamic GHRH deficiency on bone was assessed, and similarities between bone changes encountered and those taking place in aging were identified. Female rats received monosodium glutamate (MSG) following birth, and they were euthanized at 19 weeks of age. Femurs from MSG-treated rats had greater mineral density (p < .05), greater mineral/matrix ratio (p < .01), lower mineral apposition rate (p < .005), and lower bone formation rate (p < .05). These results suggest that hypothalamic GHRH decline plays a substantial role in the development of bone pathology similar to that observed in aging individuals.

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“…Cyclohexylamine has several industrial uses (Browning, 1953) but in recent years it has become of considerable toxicological interest because it has been found in the urine of man and animals as a metabolite of the sweetening agent cyclamate (Kojima & Ichibagase, 1966;Leahy et al, 1967;Oser et al, 1968;Renwick & Williams, 1969;Prosky & O'Dell, 1970), and because it was suspected of being a weak carcinogen (Price et al, 1970). Its metabolism has not been fully investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolites of cyclohexylamine in man and certain animals

Renwick

Williams

1972

Biochemical Journal

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1. [1-(14)C]Cyclohexylamine hydrochloride was synthesized and given orally or intraperitoneally to rats, rabbits and guinea pigs (dose 50-500mg/kg) and orally to humans (dose 25 or 200mg/person). The (14)C is excreted mainly in the urine, most of the excretion occurring in the first day after dosing. Only small amounts (1-7%) are found in the faeces. 2. In the rat, guinea pig and man, the amine is largely excreted unchanged, only 4-5% of the dose being metabolized in 24h in the rat and guinea pig and 1-2% in man. In the rabbit about two-thirds of the dose is excreted unchanged and about 30% is metabolized. 3. In the rat, five minor metabolites were found, namely cyclohexanol (0.05%), trans-3- (2.2%), cis-4- (1.7%), trans-4- (0.5%) and cis-3-aminocyclohexanol (0.1% of the dose in 24h). 4. In the rabbit, eight metabolites were identified, namely cyclohexanol (9.3%), trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol (4.7%), cyclohexanone (0.2%), cyclohexylhydroxylamine (0.2%) and trans-3- (11.3%), cis-3- (0.6%), trans-4- (0.4%) and cis-4-aminocyclohexanol (0.2%). 5. In the guinea pig, six minor metabolites were found, namely cyclohexanol (0.5%), trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol (2.5%) and trans-3- (1.2%), cis-3- (0.2%), trans-4- (0.2%) and cis-4-aminocyclohexanol (0.2%). 6. In man only two metabolites were definitely identified, namely cyclohexanol (0.2%) and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol (1.4% of the dose), but man had been given a smaller dose (3mg/kg) than the other species (50mg/kg). 7. The hydroxylated metabolites of cyclohexylamine were excreted in the urine in both free and conjugated forms. 8. Although cyclohexylamine is metabolized to only a minor extent, in rats the metabolism was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination and in guinea pigs and rabbits by ring hydroxylation and deamination.

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Biochemical changes of brain and liver in neonatal offspring of rats fed monosodium-l-glutamate

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Depletion in the Female Rat: Similarities to Aging

The metabolites of cyclohexylamine in man and certain animals

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