Biochemical characterisation during seed development of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)

SauYee, Kok; Namasivayam, Parameswari; Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian; Ong‐Abdullah, Meilina

doi:10.1007/s10265-013-0560-8

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The oil palm fruit typically exhibits biphasic growth with an initial growth spurt between ~4 and 9 WAA. Further, significant biochemical changes are observed starting at 8 WAA and up to 10 WAA during the transition phase between a metabolic sink and a storage sink25. Therefore, 8 WAA was chosen to examine expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, avoiding later stages when expression of other mesocarp genes occurs that share the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as those involved in polyphenol biosynthesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oil palm VIRESCENS gene controls fruit colour and encodes a R2R3-MYB

et al. 2014

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Oil palm, a plantation crop of major economic importance in Southeast Asia, is the predominant source of edible oil worldwide. We report the identification of the VIRESCENS (VIR) gene, which controls fruit exocarp colour and is an indicator of ripeness. VIR is a R2R3-MYB transcription factor with homology to Lilium LhMYB12 and similarity to Arabidopsis PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1 (PAP1). We identify five independent mutant alleles of VIR in over 400 accessions from sub-Saharan Africa that account for the dominant-negative virescens phenotype. Each mutation results in premature termination of the carboxy-terminal domain of VIR, resembling McClintock’s C1-I allele in maize. The abundance of alleles likely reflects cultural practices, by which fruits were venerated for magical and medicinal properties. The identification of VIR will allow selection of the trait at the seed or early-nursery stage, 3-6 years before fruits are produced, greatly advancing introgression into elite breeding material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oil palm VIRESCENS gene controls fruit colour and encodes a R2R3-MYB

et al. 2014

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“…Based on the results of histochemical observations, it was found that the longer the seed stored, the less the fat content in endosperm cell tissue. Kok et al (2013) stated that the fat content in oil palm seeds reached 55% of the total dry weight of the seeds, followed by carbohydrate content of 18% and protein content of 17%. Bewley et al (2013) stated the composition of fat, carbohydrate, and protein content in oil palm reached 49%, 28%, and 9%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The histology of the deterioration of oil palm seed content has not been much researched, despite it is important. Research on the histochemical observations of oil palm embryos is still limited to the histology of embryo formation from initiation to adult embryos (Kok et al, 2013;Kok et al, 2015). However, publications regarding the histochemistry of oil palm embryos from physiological maturity level, or as food reserves, to the deterioration or degradation process have not been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry of backcross 1 of oil palm seeds at different storage periods

Ernayunita¹,

Taryono²,

Yudono³

2020

ipas

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Oil palm backcross 1 is the result of the crossing between E. oleifera and E. guineensis, followed by backcrossing to one of its parents. It has several advantages, including slow height growth and good oil quality, thereby having the potential to be developed. However, it also has a short seed shelf life, which might be inherited from E. oleifera that has relatively quick seed deterioration. This is problem to the breeding program, and there have not been many studies on the seed deterioration process. A histological examination can determine the composition of food reserves in seed endosperm tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the histochemistry of seeds concerning the process of seed deterioration. Histochemical tests with Sudan III, Milon, and IKI reagents were used as histochemical tests of fat, protein and carbohydrate seed content with different seed storage periods, i.e. 4, 3, 2, and less than 1 year. The result showed that the fat content decreased during the storage periods. Based on carbohydrates and proteins staining, there were only very few substances , which were difficult to distinguish among the storage periods, so that this analysis could not be used as the determining indicator of seed deterioration. The fat content was a determining factor of seed deterioration and quality. The oil palm seed storage up to 3-4 years led to the reduction in the fat content in significant quantities compared to the fresh seeds stored less than 1 year as they still contained a lot of fat in the cell.

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“…However, extracting high quality total RNA from oil palm fruit is difficult due to the presence of lipids, polysaccharides, protein, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites (Kok et al, 2013). Whole fruit tissues of oil palm comprise of epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and kernel (endosperm and embryo).…”

Section: Isolation Of High Quality Total Rna From Various Tissues Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

ISOLATION OF HIGH QUALITY TOTAL RNA FROM VARIOUS TISSUES OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) FOR REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (RT-qPCR)

W¹

2019

JOPR

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The extraction of high quality total ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become an essential step for downstream plant molecular biology research. In oil palm, several total RNA extraction protocols have been reported across specific tissues using either conventional method or commercial kits. To our knowledge, there is no specific total RNA extraction method described for oil palm whole fruit which contains lipids, polysaccharides, protein, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites. Here, a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromidelithium chloride (CTAB-LiCl) method with addition of phenol was established to extract total RNA across various oil palm tissues, especially for whole fruit at eight weeks after anthesis (WAA) and 15 WAA. To assess the extracted total RNA, quality and quantity as well as integrity were evaluated using spectrophotometer and bioanalyser, respectively. It was found that modified CTAB-LiCl method with addition of phenol was able to produce good quality (both A 260 /A 280 and A 260 /A 230 ratios > 1.8) and intact (RIN > 7.4) total RNA. Furthermore, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was successfully performed across all total RNA extracted using two reference genes (PD00569 and pOP-EA01332) and one gene of interest, ethylene-responsive transcription factor-3 like, designated as PD00088. The results indicated that the method is suitable for extraction of total RNA from whole fruit as well as other oil palm tissues and is amenable to RT-qPCR.

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Biochemical characterisation during seed development of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The oil palm VIRESCENS gene controls fruit colour and encodes a R2R3-MYB

The oil palm VIRESCENS gene controls fruit colour and encodes a R2R3-MYB

Histochemistry of backcross 1 of oil palm seeds at different storage periods

ISOLATION OF HIGH QUALITY TOTAL RNA FROM VARIOUS TISSUES OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) FOR REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (RT-qPCR)

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