Abstract. Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis (OxG) hybrid is an oil palm interspecific crossbreed to produce a variety with better oil quality, slow stem growth, and resistance to bud rot disease. However, one of the problems in OxG hybrid breeding program is an inefficiency in the conventional propagation method, while the protocol for OxG hybrid tissue culture has not been established yet in Indonesia. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) using a temporary immersion system (TIS) will be used for OxG clonal propagation as it has been established successfully in E. guineensis. Explants were young leaves derived from genotypes of selected F1 and backcross (BC) of OxG hybrids where the E. oleifera was originated in Brazil and Suriname. Callus initiation used eight media with various compositions of minerals, hormones, and active charcoal. Initial callus emerged in 8-10 weeks after culture. The average of callogenesis frequency was 3.49% in F1 and 5.59% in BC hybrid explants, with the highest at 10.73% occurred in BC Brazil. Callogenesis of OxG hybrid showed a high potency as callogenesis of E. guineensis. The callus had nodular structure which was potentially embryogenic. After 3 cultures, some of the embryogenic calli were transferred to TIS for somatic embryo induction.
An oil palm variety with high vitamin E has an added value because of its benefit as pharmaceutical and nutraceutical source. The measurement of the vitamin E content in CPO from eight varieties of oil palm is an effort to obtain high vitamin E varieties with the optimum oil yield. The varieties used in this experiment were DxP PPKS 718, DxP PPKS 239, DxP PPKS 540, DxP Yangambi, DxP Lame, DxP Avros, DxP Simalungun, and DxP Langkat, which were planted in a demonstration block, located at Kebun Adolina PTPN IV. The result showed that the average of the vitamin E from 8 varieties ranged from 477.36 ppm up to 582.78 ppm. The DxP Yangambi has the potency to be improved as the candidate of DxP variety with high vitamin E added value due to its highest vitamin E content. On the other hand, the DxP PPKS 540 is appropriate as candidate of ortets for high vitamin E clones regarding the vitamin E content; which is the highest over the whole samples
Kelapa sawit turunan SP540T telah banyak digunakan untuk tujuan pemuliaan maupun produksi komersial varietas unggul kelapa sawit. Oleh karena itu, konservasi sumber daya genetik SP540T sangat diperlukan, salah satunya melalui kultur jaringan yang dapat menghasilkan tanaman yang true to type. Media kultur jaringan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modifikasi MS diantaranya media MS+110,5 mg/l 2,4-D, media MS+110,5 mg/l 2,4-D+karbon aktif, dan media MS modifikasi Protokol Kultur Jaringan PPKS sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembentukan kalus primer dan sekunder terbaik teramati pada perlakuan MS+110,5 mg/l 2,4D+karbon aktif yaitu sebesar 13,00% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, media tersebut dapat digunakan untuk perbanyakan maupun konservasi sumber daya genetik SP540T.
Hasil kalus merupakan tahapan penting dalam memperbanyak bahan tanam kelapa sawit melalui kultur jaringan karena merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat menentukan jumlah klon yang akan dihasilkan. Selain media tanam, hasil kalus juga dipengaruhi oleh organ dan latar belakang genetik ortet yang digunakan sebagai sumber eksplan, serta lamanya inkubasi di ruang pembudidayaan. Daun dari empat individu yang berasal dari dua persilangan tetua (DS029D x LM002T dan BJ126D x LM002T) digunakan sebagai sumber eksplan untuk mengetahui pengaruh genetik sumber ortet, urutan daun, dan lamanya inkubasi eksplan terhadap jumlah kalus yang dihasilkan. Daun yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun pada lapisan pelepah ke-4,-5, -6, -7 dan -8. Adapun peubah yang diamati adalah hasil kalus masing-masing sumber ortet setiap bulannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumber ortet persilangan BJ126D x LM002T memberikan hasil kalus yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan persilangan DS029D x LM002T. Jumlah kalus paling tinggi dihasilkan dari persilangan BJ126D x LM002T (MK 3) pada daun -4 dan waktu inkubasi 0-6 bulan.
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