Biochemical characteristics of Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Sawyer, Sylvia J.; Macdonald, James B.; Gibbons, R. J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(62)90117-6

Cited by 78 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This latter physiological property is shared by two mesophilic Bacteroides species, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (15) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (13). B. asaccharolyticus grows on peptides but has a limited ability to ferment free amino acids (15) (12), but synthesis of cell material is not always proportional to the amount of carbon and energy source utilized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emendation of the Genus Thermobacteroides: Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov., a Proteolytic Acetogen from a Methanogenic Enrichment

Ollivier

Mah

Ferguson

et al. 1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov. was isolated from a methanogenic enrichment culture inoculated from a thermophilic digestor (55°C) that was fermenting tannery wastes and cattle manure. The cells were anaerobic, gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile rods that were 0.5 pm wide and 1 to 6 pm long. At the end of logarithmic growth, they were pleomorphic, with some filamentous cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition was 45 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The temperature optimum was 63°C (growth range 35, to 75°C); the pH optimum was 7.5 (growth range, pH 5.0 to 8.5). The growth substrates used included yeast extract, peptone, casein, gelatin, and Trypticase peptone. Fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, and mannose were weakly used as growth substrates; however, addition of yeast extract and either rumen fluid or Trypticase peptone stimulated utilization of these carbohydrates. Acetate, H2, and C 0 2 were the major products of growth in medium containing gelatin or glucose. The cells were resistant to kanamycin. The type strain is strain BT (= ATCC 35242).We report the isolation and characterization of a new thermophilic anaerobic species obtained from a methanogenic enrichment inoculated from a thermophilic digestor that was operated on tannery wastes and cattle manure. This organism stains gram negative; it is a nonsporulating bacterium which uses proteins and sugars as substrates. We propose the name Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov .for this organism. MATERIALS AND METHODSInoculum and enrichment. Tannery wastes and cattle manure were digested under thermophilic conditions (55°C) at the Institut de Recherche de Chimie Appliqude, Vert le Petit, France. Digestor samples were inoculated into a 50% rumen fluid medium made up in the salt solution of Balch et al. (1) with formate and H2-C02 as methanogenic substrates. When methanogenesis was complete, the culture was maintained by inoculation of fresh medium with 5% (vol/vol) transfers. The most numerous methanogenic bacterium obtained from the enrichment was isolated and tentatively identified as Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum .Isolation procedures. After several transfers of the thermophilic methanogenic enrichment culture, agar plates were incubated for isolation of methanogenic and nonmethanogenic bacteria. One predominant non-methanogenic colony type appeared at high dilutions on agar medium having the same composition as the enrichment medium. This colony type was picked and isolated in axenic culture by inoculation into agar medium.Culture techniques. The anaerobic culture techniques of Hungate (5) , and 1,000 ml of Milli-Q-deionized water (conductivity, 5.9 $3 . m-'). The medium was adjusted to pH 7.0 with 10 M KOH and boiled under O2-free N2 until the resazurin was reduced. Medium was cooled and dispensed into serum tubes (10 ml/tube) that were stoppered with butyl rubber stoppers (Bellco Glass, Inc., Vineland, N.J.) and sealed with aluminum crimp closures (Wheaton Scientific, Millville, N.J.). After removal from the anaerobic ch...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emendation of the Genus Thermobacteroides: Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov., a Proteolytic Acetogen from a Methanogenic Enrichment

Ollivier

Mah

Ferguson

et al. 1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…Degradation of different collagenous substrates was first shown by Gibbons and MacDonald (1961). Some authors found that both saccharolytic and asaccharolytic strains from different origins are able to hydrolyse collagen, oral strains being generally more active than non-oral isolates (Gibbons and MacDonald, 1961;Saywer et al, 1962;Steffen and Hentges, 1981;Robertson et al, 1982). In contrast, other authors, with a different method of analysis, found only B. gingivalis to produce a cell-bound collagenase, while other black-pigmented Bacteroides strains did not demonstrate collagenolytic activity Van Steenbergen et al, unpubl, results).…”

Section: Virulence Factors Of Black-pigmented Ba Cteroides Strainsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogenic synergy: mixed infections in the oral cavity

Steenbergen

Winkelhoff

Graaff

1984

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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In almost all infections in the oral cavity, mixed populations of bacteria are present. However, recent evidence points to a certain specificity in these infections: Streptococcus mutans is related to caries and black-pigmented Bacteroides species are suspected pathogens in periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases, endodontic infections and submucous abscesses in the oral cavity are probably mixed infections in which anaerobic bacteria together with facultatives or other anaerobes are present. In experimental mixed anaerobic infections black-pigmented Bacteroides strains have been shown to play a key role. Little is known about the pathogenic synergy between the bacteria involved in mixed infections. Important mechanisms could be nutritional interrelationships and interactions with the host defense. Within the group of black-pigmented Bacteroides B. gingivalis seems to be the most virulent species. These bacteria possess a great number of virulence factors, which might be important in the pathogenesis of oral infections.

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“…gingivalis ATCC 33277 was grown in a medium described by Sawyer et al [13], but containing no glucose or NaHCO Q . Cultivation was carried out in an anaerobic glove box ¢lled with a mixture of gases (N P +H P +CO P , 85:10:5) at 37³C for 3 days.…”

Section: Bacterial Strain and Cultivation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative properties of envelope-associated arginine-gingipains and lysine-gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Fujimura¹

1998

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Two arginine specific proteinases (Arg-gingipain [RGP-A, RGP-B]) and a lysine specific proteinase (Lys-gingipain [KGP]) were purified from materials of the envelope of Porphyromonas gingivalis solubilized by a detergent by the sequential procedures of ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Each purified enzyme showed a single stained band on SDS-PAGE. The three enzymes were commonly activated by reducing reagents such as mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and cysteine. RGP-B was activated markedly by glycyl-glycine and KGP was activated significantly by EDTA. Both RGP-A and RGP-B were inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), N-ethylmaleimide, EDTA, leupeptin, L-trans-epoxy-succinylleucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane and antipain. KGP was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and TLCK. The molecular masses of RGP-A and RGP-B were the same (43 kDa), and that of KGP was 48 kDa. The hydrolytic activities of RGPs and KGP to chromogenic synthetic substrates were limited to the compounds with arginine and lysine in the P-1 positions, respectively. When IgG was treated with the three enzymes separately, it was demonstrated that two new fragments of 34 kDa and 15 kDa were generated in each reaction product. Hemoglobin was almost exhaustively digested by RGP-B, but substantial degradation could not be induced by RGP-A or KGP treatment. z

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Biochemical characteristics of Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Cited by 78 publications

References 14 publications

Emendation of the Genus Thermobacteroides: Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov., a Proteolytic Acetogen from a Methanogenic Enrichment

Emendation of the Genus Thermobacteroides: Thermobacteroides proteolyticus sp. nov., a Proteolytic Acetogen from a Methanogenic Enrichment

Pathogenic synergy: mixed infections in the oral cavity

Comparative properties of envelope-associated arginine-gingipains and lysine-gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis

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