Biochemical characterization of solid-state fermented cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its application in broiler feed formulation

Abstract

The biochemical parameters of solid-state fermented peeled and unpeeled cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and their application in broiler feed formulations were investigated. Fermentation occurred at room temperature for 72 h (pH 3-9). The samples utilized for five (5) broiler starter feeds were labeled: control, unfermented unpeeled cassava (UUC), unfermented peeled cassava (UPC), fermented unpeeled cassava (FUC), and fermented peeled cassava (FPC). Formulations were made by substituting fermented/nonfermented cassava roots at pH 7 for maize (w/w%). Fermentation-induced changes included increased soluble and total protein concentrations (69.3 and 334.5 mg/g) and (9.6 and 10.8%), respectively, in cultures prepared with peeled and unpeeled cassava at pH 7 compared to the control (p < 0.05), and a reduction (p < 0.01) in cyanide concentration from 44.4 to 78.7 mg/kg in the control to 8.5 and 13.7 mg/kg in fermented cassava at pH 7. Birds fed FUC and FPC meal (0.6 and 0.5 kg) gained significantly more weight (p < 0.05) than those fed the control (0.3 kg). The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and urea levels in broiler serum did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) for birds fed with fermented peeled and unpeeled cassava. Conversely, serum albumin and calcium levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for birds fed with the control feed compared to birds fed with fermented feeds. The results imply that fermented peeled and unpeeled cassava roots could be a safe and nutritionally beneficial replacement for maize in broiler diet.

Black Seed Oil-induced Amelioration of Renal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis

“…When compared to the control group, the untreated Diabetes mellitus group's creatinine level was shown to be considerably higher (Figure 2). These findings concur with those of Usmanet al 52 , Baragob 53 , Egbune et al 56 A little increase in creatinine was seen in the periodontitis group, but it was not statistically different from the control group. Vasconcelos et al 54 and Souza et al 55 reported comparable results.…”

Production of feed grade L-lysine using solid state fermentation for the Nigerian market

“…Our study (Egbune et al, 2023a(Egbune et al, , 2024Eedom et al, 2023) introduces a feasible method for L-lysine production using agricultural by-products such as palm kernel cake, soybean cake, groundnut cake, and wheat offal. Solid-state fermentation with C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 resulted in the production of L-lysine from these agricultural by-products (Figure 2).…”

“…Maintaining controlled environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, is crucial for optimizing microbial growth and L-lysine synthesis. The process emphasizes the strategic use of local agricultural byproducts, contributing to efficiency and sustainability (Egbune et al, 2023a, Ezedom et al, 2023Egbune et al, 2024). Downstream processing involves extracting and purifying lysine from the fermented solid substrate using solvents and various techniques, such as ion exchange chromatography, highlighting the importance of a well-defined production pathway for economic viability and sustainability (Sinha et al, 2022;Ewing et al, 2022).…”

Synthetic biology for Monascus: From strain breeding to industrial production

“…The optimal environment for simulated strain growth was maximized by selecting different solid fermentation substrates to provide nitrogen sources, carbon sources, and nutrients. [ 157 ] Thus, SSF has wide applications in the production of enzymes, industrial chemicals, biofuels, and so on. [ 158‐160 ] Currently, some filamentous fungi consortium systems can achieve co‐metabolic activity under optimal co‐culture conditions for SSF, efficiently utilizing the substrate and thus improving product purities.…”