Biochemical energetics of hierarchy formation in Betta splendens

Haller, József; Wittenberger, C.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90118-7

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This difference between winners and losers is in concordance with studies that reported higher levels of basal metabolic rates in dominant animals as compared to subordinate animals (Acanthemblemaria spinosa e A. aspera, Clarke, 1992;Salmo salar, Metcalfe et al, 1995;Onchorhyncus masou, Yamamoto et al, 1998;and Salvelinus alpinus, Cutts et al, 2001]. Haller and Wittenberger [1988] showed that in fighting B. splendens males, carbohydrate degradation reached very high values after a short social contact. They concluded that winners were able to produce more energy per unit time than losers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Metabolic costs of aggressive behaviour in the Siamese fighting fish,Betta splendens

et al. 2006

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Aggressive conflicts between males are often resolved by means of multiple ritualized agonistic displays without damaging escalation. Apparently, in such cases by using those displays opponents exchange important motivational and physical information on which they base a decision to stay or leave the interaction. In the Siamese fighting fish, the time spent spreading the dorsal fin and erecting the gill coverts predicts who will be the winner or loser of the interaction. Two experiments were carried out to study whether display performance might be costly. First, oxygen consumption was measured during mirror-image stimulation. This experiment showed that oxygen consumption was positively correlated with gill cover erection and dorsal fin spread. In the second experiment, a fight between two opponents was simulated and the oxygen consumption of the expected winner and loser was compared. Metabolic rates were not different between winners and losers before and during the fight, but winners showed higher oxygen consumption in the night after the fight. These results are in accordance with costs of display performance and with longlasting physiological consequences of winning or losing a fight. Aggr. Behav. 32:474-480, 2006. r

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Metabolic costs of aggressive behaviour in the Siamese fighting fish,Betta splendens

et al. 2006

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“…Siamese fighting fish is one of the most studied ornamental fish species in the scientific literature being used as a fish model in physiological and behavioral studies (Haller;Wittenberger, 1988;Dzieweczynski;Lyman;Poor, 2009;Puello-Cruz et al, 2010). Additionally, this fish is one of the most common species used as pets and which hobbits have been using to develop new varieties for the ornamental fish market.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of digestible protein to energy ratios on growth and carcass chemical composition of siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

et al. 2014

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The expansion in the market of ornamental fish depends on the intensification of production systems and the generation of appropriate technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know the nutritional requirements of each species for the formulation of nutritionally balanced diets. A 30-day feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible protein to energy ratio in diets for Betta splendens fingerlings. Fifty-six all-male B. splendens with 1.03 ± 0.11 g average weight were randomly stocked into 56 1L-aquaria in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, comprising eight treatments and seven replication. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. Diets were formulated to contain 28.0, 35.0, 42.0 and 49.0% DP and 3,600 and 3,200 kcal/kg DE. The growth parameters evaluated in this trial were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for WG, FCR and SGR. However, a higher FI was observed for fish fed diets containing 42.0% DP (P < 0.05). A positive effect of DP and DE on PER was observed in this study. Generally, according to the increase of DE levels, a reduction on PER was observed. Based on this experimental condition, we recommend the use of 28.0% DP and 3,200 kcal/kg DE in diets for B. splendens. Index terms:Protein requirement, ornamental fish, carcass composition, energy requirement, growth. RESUMOA expansão no setor produtivo de peixes ornamentais depende da intensificação dos sistemas de produção e da geração de tecnologias adequadas. Por isso, é necessário o conhecimento das exigências nutricionais de cada espécie para a formulação de rações nutricionalmente adequadas. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar as diferentes relações energia:proteína digestível em dietas para alevinos de Betta splendens. O experimento teve a duração de 30 dias, sendo utilizados 56 alevinos machos de B. splendens com peso médio inicial de 1,03 ± 0,11 g. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado em arranjo fatorial, sendo composto por oito tratamentos e sete repetições, considerando-se um peixe como uma unidade experimental. Foram formuladas dietas práticas, cujos níveis de proteína digestível foram 28,0; 35,0; 42,0 e 49% e os níveis de energia digestível de 3.200 e 3.600 kcal/kg. Os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo avaliados foram: ganho em peso (GP), consumo de ração aparente (CRA), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA), taxa de eficiência protéica (TEP) e taxa de crescimento especifico (TCE). Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para GP, CAA, TCE, entretanto foi observado maior CRA para o nível de PD de 42% (P<0,05). A TEP apresentou diferença significativa, de maneira que quanto maior o nível de energia digestível menor a taxa de eficiência protéica. Com base nas condições experimentais deste estudo e na taxa de eficiência protéica, o melhor nível de PD e ED para melhor taxa de eficiência protéi...

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“…It is possible that most O 2 consumption occurred at the beginning of pairing, because there was a significant reduction in most of the interactions from the first to the second period of observation, which is expected for agonistic interactions of fishes (Haller and Wittenberger, 1988). Another explanation for the absence of difference in O 2 consumption may be that agonistic and reproductive interactions have the same energetic cost for the Nile tilapia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Territory owners are threatened by male or female intruders in a frequent competitive scenario. Such fights for environmental resources usually impose energy cost to the fish, which may result in growth depensation (Volpato and Fernandes, 1994), increased O 2 consumption and ventilatory rate (Alvarenga and Volpato, 1995), and metabolic disturbances (Haller and Wittenberger, 1988;Fernandes and Volpato, 1993). In the Nile tilapia, the intensity of such energy costs depends on the aggressiveness level of the interaction (Alvarenga and Volpato, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex group composition, social interaction, and metabolism in the fish Nile tilapia

Gonçalves-de-Freitas

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

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We tested whether the fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a monosex male group spends more energy and displays an agonistic profile, differently from males in male-female groups. Such differences are expected because males and females should compete for different reproductive resources. An intruder male (MM) or female (MF) was paired with a resident male and agonistic interaction was quantified during 20 minutes, 10 minutes after pairing and another 10 minutes period 30 minutes later. Energetic cost was evaluated from O 2 consumption, determined by Winckler's Method after 40 minutes pairing. Latency for fighting (mean ± SD, MM = 27.40 ± 25.15 s; MF = 14.22 ± 21.19 s; Mann-Whitney test, U = 33.50, P = 0.21) and frequency of the all agonistic acts in the first 10 minutes session (mean ± SD, MM < 72.30 ± 25.29; MF < 73.50 ± 21.65.10/min; Mann-Whitney test, P > 0.10) were not affected by group composition, thus suggesting that each intruder was a potential competitor at the beginning of the agonistic interaction. However, frequency of undulation (a behavior displayed also during courtship) was higher in the MF than in the MM resident fish (mean ± SD, MM = 3.56 ± 5.89; MF = 8.56 ± 4.00.10/min; Mann-Whitney test, U = 15.50, P = 0.01) at the end of the 10 min session. Frequency of flight, however, was lower in MF than in MM intruder (mean ± SD, MM = 3.90 ± 4.33; MF = 0.44 ± 0.96.10/min; Mann-Whitney test, U = 23.50, P = 0.04). Moreover, the agonistic profile in MM groups was composed of more types than in MF groups (less fighting types were exhibited by both resident and intruder fish). Despite the behavioral differences, energy cost in terms of O 2 consumption was not affected by group composition (mean ± SD, MM = 1.93 ± 0.54; MF = 1.77 ± 0.46 mgO 2 . gDW -1 .40/min; Student's t independent test, t = 0.71, P = 0.49).Keywords: aggressive interaction, cichlid; courtship, O 2 consumption, sex recognition. Composição sexual do grupo, interação social e metabolismo na tilápia-do-NiloResumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar se grupos monossexuais de machos gastam mais energia e exibem perfil agonístico diferente de grupos formados por um macho e uma fêmea na tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Tais diferenças são esperadas, pois machos e fêmeas competem por diferentes recursos reprodutivos. Foram utilizadas duplas de machos (MM) e duplas de macho-fêmea (MF) que permaneceram pareadas por 40 minutos. Durante esse período foi feito o registro da interação agonística (10 minutos iniciais e 10 minutos finais do pareamento) e determinado o gasto energético (consumo de O 2 ) pelo Método de Winckler. A latência para o início dos confrontos (média ± DP, MM = 27,40 ± 25,15 s; MF = 14,22 ± 21,19 s; Mann-Whitney, U = 33,50, P = 0,21) e a freqüência de todas as unidades comportamentais (média ± DP, MM < 72,30 ± 25,29; MF < 73,50 ± 21,65.10/min; Mann-Whitney, P > 0,10) foram semelhantes entre os grupos MM e MF nos 10 minutos iniciais. Isso indica que cada intruso foi considerado um potencial competidor no início ...

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Biochemical energetics of hierarchy formation in Betta splendens

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Metabolic costs of aggressive behaviour in the Siamese fighting fish,Betta splendens

Metabolic costs of aggressive behaviour in the Siamese fighting fish,Betta splendens

Effects of digestible protein to energy ratios on growth and carcass chemical composition of siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

Sex group composition, social interaction, and metabolism in the fish Nile tilapia

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