Effects of digestible protein to energy ratios on growth and carcass chemical composition of siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

Abstract

The expansion in the market of ornamental fish depends on the intensification of production systems and the generation of appropriate technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know the nutritional requirements of each species for the formulation of nutritionally balanced diets. A 30-day feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible protein to energy ratio in diets for Betta splendens fingerlings. Fifty-six all-male B. splendens with 1.03 ± 0.11 g average weight were randomly stocked into 56 1L-aquaria in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, comprising eight treatments and seven replication. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. Diets were formulated to contain 28.0, 35.0, 42.0 and 49.0% DP and 3,600 and 3,200 kcal/kg DE. The growth parameters evaluated in this trial were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for WG, FCR and SGR. However, a higher FI was observed for fish fed diets containing 42.0% DP (P < 0.05). A positive effect of DP and DE on PER was observed in this study. Generally, according to the increase of DE levels, a reduction on PER was observed. Based on this experimental condition, we recommend the use of 28.0% DP and 3,200 kcal/kg DE in diets for B. splendens. Index terms:Protein requirement, ornamental fish, carcass composition, energy requirement, growth. RESUMOA expansão no setor produtivo de peixes ornamentais depende da intensificação dos sistemas de produção e da geração de tecnologias adequadas. Por isso, é necessário o conhecimento das exigências nutricionais de cada espécie para a formulação de rações nutricionalmente adequadas. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar as diferentes relações energia:proteína digestível em dietas para alevinos de Betta splendens. O experimento teve a duração de 30 dias, sendo utilizados 56 alevinos machos de B. splendens com peso médio inicial de 1,03 ± 0,11 g. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado em arranjo fatorial, sendo composto por oito tratamentos e sete repetições, considerando-se um peixe como uma unidade experimental. Foram formuladas dietas práticas, cujos níveis de proteína digestível foram 28,0; 35,0; 42,0 e 49% e os níveis de energia digestível de 3.200 e 3.600 kcal/kg. Os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo avaliados foram: ganho em peso (GP), consumo de ração aparente (CRA), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA), taxa de eficiência protéica (TEP) e taxa de crescimento especifico (TCE). Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para GP, CAA, TCE, entretanto foi observado maior CRA para o nível de PD de 42% (P<0,05). A TEP apresentou diferença significativa, de maneira que quanto maior o nível de energia digestível menor a taxa de eficiência protéica. Com base nas condições experimentais deste estudo e na taxa de eficiência protéica, o melhor nível de PD e ED para melhor taxa de eficiência protéi...

Efficiency of homemade egg-based diet for male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

“…rearing Siamese fighting fish are in the range from 28.0 to 33.4% [10,11,13], which is similar to the observed protein content in the Sakura group (34.0%), but not in the Betta Bio-Gold (39.4%) and the EBD (51.0%). However, the EBD might be suitable for carnivorous fish because of its excess amounts of protein and lipid with a low level of NFE corresponding well with the chemical compositions of live diets for Siamese fighting fish [26].…”

“…Moreover, it is difficult to preserve the diet for a long time, or during transportation, without the use of a deep freezer [9]. Therefore, its artificial pellet diets have been formulated [4,[10][11][12][13]. However, the commercial pellet diets for Siamese fighting fish, for example Sakura, Tetra, Hikari, and Betta Bio-Gold, are relatively expensive compared with those for other ornamental fish such as guppy, molly, and goldfish [14].…”

Requerimiento proteico del pez juvenil Metinnys orinocencis (Characiformes: Characidae)

“…Los resultados de este estudio son comparables con los obtenidos en diferentes especies ornamentales de gran importancia comercial como Trichogaster lalius quienes presentaron un requerimiento de 36.6 % PB (Zuanon et al, 2013), en Pterophyllum scalare diferentes estudios concuerdan con que el requerimiento de proteína en la dieta es de 32 % PB (Zuanon et al, 2006;Ribero et al, 2007;Franca et al, 2017), en Betta splendens se reportan requerimientos óptimos de 28 % PD con 3 200 kcal/kg DE (Lemos et al, 2014). Es necesario resaltar que la mayoría de estos estudios fueron calculados a través de curvas de dosis vs respuesta, con condiciones experimentales similares y usando dietas semipurificadas.…”

Effect of Lysine Supplementation in Commercial Feed on Energy Retention and Feed Conversion Ratio of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy)

“…This is due to an imbalance between protein-energy requirements in feed, so excess protein will cause extra energy demands to do the deamination process so that the energy that should be used for growth will be reduced (NRC, 1989). Therefore, without the right energy-protein balance will not have an impact on growth, the level of protein-energy in the feed also affects feed consumption, if the protein-energy level exceeds the need, it will reduce consumption so that the uptake of other nutrients including protein will decrease (Lemos et al, 2014). Comparison between protein retention and energy must be optimal in order to stimulate growth.…”