“…This equation, which suggests that the primary determinant of price is the cost of handling inert material of no value, has since been confirmed many times. An example for processing of biologicals is shown in Figure . The trend line in this figure is just a line of slope −1, in accord with eq 1.…”
Section: Applicationssupporting
confidence: 61%
“…It shows, for example, that such common processes as distillation and solvent extraction are inherently unsuited to recovery from dilute solution. 3 Economics of separation processes, from Dwyer, J. L. Bio/Technology 1984 , 2 , 957, as reported in ref .…”
Section: Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economics of separation processes, from Dwyer, J. L. Bio/Technology 1984 , 2 , 957, as reported in ref .…”
A variety of economic and social pressures require lowering the costs of equipment and process
development, and particular emphasis must be placed on speeding what is basically a heuristic
activity. The early stages of conceptualization and screening of alternatives are the most critical,
and it is precisely these which have largely been ignored in the public literature and academic
curricula. Such early decisions must be made without detailed understanding, and they are
essentially evolutionary activities (Lightfoot, E. N. Chem. Eng. Prog.
1998, Jan, 67−74). Evolution
dynamics are notoriously unpredictable, and yet observation of biological evolution shows that
they can be both surprisingly fast and efficient. Here methods are suggested for achieving high
efficiency for equipment and process development. A critical feature of evolutionary dynamics
is the need to identify system anomalies, and these can only be discussed effectively through
use of specific examples. Here examples will be taken from the general area of separations
processes, with particular emphasis on biological separations.
“…This equation, which suggests that the primary determinant of price is the cost of handling inert material of no value, has since been confirmed many times. An example for processing of biologicals is shown in Figure . The trend line in this figure is just a line of slope −1, in accord with eq 1.…”
Section: Applicationssupporting
confidence: 61%
“…It shows, for example, that such common processes as distillation and solvent extraction are inherently unsuited to recovery from dilute solution. 3 Economics of separation processes, from Dwyer, J. L. Bio/Technology 1984 , 2 , 957, as reported in ref .…”
Section: Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economics of separation processes, from Dwyer, J. L. Bio/Technology 1984 , 2 , 957, as reported in ref .…”
A variety of economic and social pressures require lowering the costs of equipment and process
development, and particular emphasis must be placed on speeding what is basically a heuristic
activity. The early stages of conceptualization and screening of alternatives are the most critical,
and it is precisely these which have largely been ignored in the public literature and academic
curricula. Such early decisions must be made without detailed understanding, and they are
essentially evolutionary activities (Lightfoot, E. N. Chem. Eng. Prog.
1998, Jan, 67−74). Evolution
dynamics are notoriously unpredictable, and yet observation of biological evolution shows that
they can be both surprisingly fast and efficient. Here methods are suggested for achieving high
efficiency for equipment and process development. A critical feature of evolutionary dynamics
is the need to identify system anomalies, and these can only be discussed effectively through
use of specific examples. Here examples will be taken from the general area of separations
processes, with particular emphasis on biological separations.
“…This acid mixture is one of many that result during aerobic fermentation. The bioconversion of glucose performed by the glycolytic Embden−Meyerhof pathway produces pyruvic acid as the key metabolic intermediate . Pyruvic acid is oxidized in a cyclic manner known as the tricarboxylic pathway to yield a number of di- and tricarboxylic aliphatic acids of four to six carbons.…”
Equilibria were measured for adsorption of carboxylic acids from aqueous, binary-acid mixtures
of lactic and succinic acids and acetic and formic acids onto basic polymeric sorbents. The
experimentally determined adsorption isotherms compared well with model predictions, confirming that simple extensions from adsorption of individual acids apply. Fixed-bed studies were
carried out that establish the efficacy of chromatographic fractionation of lactic and succinic
acids using basic polymeric sorbents. Finally, sequential thermal and solvent regeneration of
lactic and acetic acid-laden sorbents was investigated as a method to fractionate among
coadsorbed volatile and nonvolatile acids. Essentially complete removal of the acetic acid from
the acid-laden sorbent was achieved by vaporization under the conditions used; a small amount
of loss of lactic acid (about 11%) was observed.
“…However, cell lysis causes the release of large amounts of chromosomal DNA which results in a dramatic increase in viscosity, hampering following filtration and centrifugation steps (Ling et al, 1998;Tamer et al, 1998;Van Wegen et al, 1998). Since the efficiencies of both filtration and centrifugation are inversely related to the viscosity, quick removal of the DNA is crucial (Atkinson and Mavituna, 1991). Drop in viscosity is generally achieved by the supplementation of hypochlorite, commercially available nucleases, or heat treatment.…”
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