Biochemical impact of a soccer match — analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery

Ascensão, António; Rebelo, António; Oliveira, Eugénio; Marques, António; Pereira, Leonel; Magalhães, José

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.008

Cited by 268 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This corroborates the results of other studies with soccer players during a competition 9,10 and studies that analyzed the increase of CK concentration 48h after a single game 1,20,29 . Moreover, the median blood CK Game concentrations (i.e., 376.5 U/L which corresponded to a %ΔCK Game 47.30%) of the present study were similar to the mean values of plasmatic concentrations of studies with soccer players in competitions 9,10 and slightly lower than studies that evaluated the players after a single soccer match 1,20,30 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

Alves

Garcia

Morandi

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Objective: to determine the individual profile of blood concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in elite soccer players as well as to analyze the CK concentrations in different periods during the Professional Brazilian Championship. Methods: resting CK of 17 soccer players was evaluated before the competition (pre-season) and after the matches (36 and 46 hours after the games) (CK Game ) for the individual blood CK. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the individual CK during the season. The competitive season was divided into three periods: initial, intermediate and final. The one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements followed by post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to compare the individual CK of each soccer player in each competitive period. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: the highest frequency of individual CK was found in the second quartile (71 observations) and the lowest frequency in the first (26 observations) and the fourth quartile (40 observations) compared to the expected number of 45.8 (x 2 =22.21). CK concentrations were lower in the intermediate (mean=66.99%) and final (mean=60.21%) periods than in the initial period (mean=89.33%). Conclusion: soccer players did not show elevated muscle damage and probably a muscle adaptation occurred in the competition, due to the reduction of CK concentrations observed.Keywords: soccer, muscle strength, creatine/blood. RESUMO

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

Alves

Garcia

Morandi

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…These morphological changes within muscles are accompanied by marked declines in field-test measures of anaerobic performance as well as repeated high-speed running performance for up to 72 h post-match [4][5][6][7][8]. In theory, these declines would negatively impact on ensuing competitive physical performance if the time delay between successive matches was short.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Match Running Performance During Fixture Congestion in Elite Soccer: Research Issues and Future Directions

et al. 2015

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It has been proposed that match congestion in elite soccer results in residual fatigue and underperformance in ensuing competition due to insufficient recovery time. In this article, matters relating to match congestion and running performance in elite soccer competition are discussed. We suggest a need to determine the extent to which elite players are, in reality, exposed to periods of match congestion and hence to potential declines in performance. Despite evidence of exercise-induced muscle damage combined with a decline in physical performance up to 72 h post-match, research using time-motion analyses suggests that running performance represented by distances covered is unaffected over periods of match congestion. We recommend analysis of alternative movement variables including accelerations, decelerations and turns that are taxing metabolically and contribute greatly to muscle damage. Moreover, a holistic approach combining subjective ratings with biochemical, hormonal and immunological responses to exercise would be pertinent, especially in players frequently exposed to match congestion. Contemporary practitioners typically implement various postmatch recovery treatments during dense schedules in an attempt to accelerate recovery and ensure that subsequent running performance is not unduly affected. However, empirical evidence to support their efficacy in maintaining running performance is lacking and we recommend controlled intervention studies using match simulations in an attempt to verify their effectiveness. These points are critically addressed using findings from the current scientific literature, while gaps in the current body of knowledge and future directions for research are highlighted. Key PointsThis paper suggests a need for research to determine the extent to which elite senior soccer players are actually exposed to periods of fixture congestion.Modifications in the design of time-motion studies are recommended to establish whether players' match running profiles are in reality compromised during intensified competition periods.Controlled intervention studies using match simulations are also recommended to verify the efficacy of post-match recovery modalities on competitive running performance.

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“…Hence, there is potential for professional soccer players to experience residual fatigue over the playing season especially during dense competitive schedules [22]. Research has shown that participation in a soccer match results in muscle trauma and a reduction in the anaerobic performance of players with perturbations persisting up to 72 hours [1,20]. Therefore, one would expect a drop in measures of physical performance in competition when there is an insufficient recovery time between matches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Physical Performance and Injury Risk in a Professional Soccer Team in Match-Play Affected Over a Prolonged Period of Fixture Congestion?

Carling¹,

Gall²,

Dupont³

2011

Int J Sports Med

121

129

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In this study, the effects of a prolonged period of fixture congestion (8 successive official matches in 26-days) on physical performance and injury risk and severity in a professional soccer team were investigated. Computerised motion-analysis was used to analyse the overall distance covered and that run at light-(0.0-11.0 km•h -1 ); low-(11.1-14.0 km•h -1 ); moderate-(14.1-19.7 km•h -1 ) and high-intensities (≥19.8 km•h -1 ) for the team as a whole. Distances were measured in metres per minute. Information on match injuries was recorded prospectively. The overall distance covered varied across successive matches (p<0.001) as more distance was run in games 4 and 7 compared to 2 and 3 respectively ( When comparing match halves, there were no differences across games in overall or high-intensity distance covered and performance in these measures was similar for matches played before, during and after this period. Globally, no difference over the 8 games combined was observed between the reference team and opponents in any of the performance measures whereas the overall distance covered and that in low-(both p<0.001) and high-intensity running (p=0.040) differed in individual games. The incidence of match injury during the congested fixture period was similar to rates reported outside this period but the mean layoff duration of injuries was substantially shorter during the former (p<0.05). In summary, while the overall distance run and that covered at lower intensities varied across games, high-intensity running performance and injury risk were generally unaffected during a prolonged period of fixture congestion. These results might be linked to squad rotation and post-match recovery strategies in place at the present club.

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Biochemical impact of a soccer match — analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery

Cited by 268 publications

References 38 publications

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

Match Running Performance During Fixture Congestion in Elite Soccer: Research Issues and Future Directions

Are Physical Performance and Injury Risk in a Professional Soccer Team in Match-Play Affected Over a Prolonged Period of Fixture Congestion?

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