Biochemical investigation of gender-specific association between insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in types 2 diabetic patients

Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid; Rehman, Kanwal; Liaqat, Aamira; Numan, Muhammad; Mahmood, Qaisar; Kamal, Shagufta

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.044

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Regarding TNF-α, it was found that chronic inflammatory diseases may have different outcomes linked to the gender. Women present higher disease activity markers due to hormonal, genetic and environmental factors [32][33][34] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium pentobarbital dosages for exsanguination affect biochemical, molecular and histological measurements in rats

Mohamed

Hosney

Bassiony

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rodents are widely used for animal research in Egypt. Pentobarbital is the most common anesthetic agent; however overdoses may affect the experimental outcomes and limit the use of tissues. To investigate the effects of sodium pentobarbital overdoses during exsanguination, three groups (6 rats/ group) of male and female rats were injected i.p. with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of sodium pentobarbital, then carotid exsanguination was performed immediately after loss of consciousness. Hypoxiainducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) mRNA expressions in liver and kidney organs were evaluated. As well as, serum aminotransferase activities (AST&ALT), glucose, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined. The histological alterations in liver, kidney and spleen were studied. It was found that Hif1a and Tnfa were significantly overexpressed in the studied organs and serum AST, glucose, creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased after sodium pentobarbital overdoses (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared to 50 mg/kg dose. Similarly, significant increase in MDA and GSH levels of liver, kidney and spleen were noticed. Results showed gender difference where Hif1a and Tnfa levels were significantly overexpressed at high dose of sodium pentobarbital of liver and kidney organs in female more than male rats. Since euthanasia protocol may influence the physiological variables and affect genes' expression, it is recommended to avoid sodium pentobarbital overdose during euthanasia as it may interfere with the biochemical, molecular and histological measurements. In Egypt, rodents are considered the first choice for the majority of animal research and training. Euthanasia of animals is generally performed upon completion of the study or if a humane endpoint has been reached. Last updates of the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) and American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) euthanasia guidelines 1 describe several techniques for successful euthanasia to refine killing methods for rats and other laboratory animals 2. Euthanasia procedures are divided into two main methods; chemical and physical. Ideally, a mechanical method, such as exsanguination, should be implemented after the chemical death. Pentobarbital is an anesthetic agent commonly used in euthanasia. Olsen and Li (2011) reported that sodium pentobarbital is an injectable, fast-acting, central nervous system depressant which acts via GABA receptors to cause a loss of consciousness and cardiovascular depression 3. In the AVMA Guidelines, anesthetic overdose is recommended as an acceptable method of euthanasia. For rodents, overdose of sodium pentobarbital is the most preferable euthanizing agent 4-6. The main reported negative side effects of pentobarbital mono-anesthesia are cardiovascular and respiratory systems depression, decreased arterial blood pressure, peripheral vasodilation, decreased cardiac output and depression of the vasopressor response to hemorrhage 7. Moreover, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium pentobarbital dosages for exsanguination affect biochemical, molecular and histological measurements in rats

Mohamed

Hosney

Bassiony

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population has been estimated to be 463 million in 2019 and is calculated to reach 700 million by 2045 [ 6 ]. Diabetes is known to be a pro-inflammatory state, and individuals with the condition have a higher CRP compared with the general population [ 7 ]. In addition, there is a distinct difference in the incidence of diabetes amongst different age groups and by sex, with the most common population for incident diagnosis of diabetes mellitus being women >65 years of age [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and the risk of giant cell arteritis – a case–control study

Mukhtyar

Myers

Jones

et al. 2020

Rheumatology Advances in Practice

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Objectives The EULAR core dataset for observational studies in giant cell arteritis (GCA) does not include glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). A multivariable score to stratify pre-test probability of GCA also does not include HbA1c. There have been contradictory reports about Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being a risk factor for GCA. We report the first study analysing the relationship of pre-diagnosis HbA1c with the risk of GCA. Methods This was a single centre retrospective case-control study conducted in Norfolk, UK. All GCA cases were diagnosed with imaging or biopsy. Each case was assigned 2 age and gender-matched controls. The primary outcome measure was the glycaemic status (HbA1c categorised into euglycaemia, pre-diabetes, DM) at diagnosis between cases and controls. HbA1c between two groups was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The glycaemic categorisation was compared using the Chi-squared test. Results 112 cases and 224 controls were included. The median (IQR) of HbA1c of cases and controls was 40 (37, 43) and 41 (39, 47) (p < 0.001) respectively. 10/112 cases and 52/224 controls had DM. Chi-square test demonstrates significant interaction between glycaemic state and GCA (p = 0.006). Individuals with DM had an odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.32 (0.13,0.74) (p = 0.008) of having GCA compared to euglycaemic individuals. Conclusion HbA1c in the diabetic range reduces probability of GCA. HbA1c should be considered in any multivariable score to calculate risk of GCA, and in future development of diagnostic and classification criteria. There is need for an epidemiological study looking at the possibility of a protective nature of DM against GCA or whether it is just a mimic.

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“…Many studies have revealed an important role for the abnormal activation of the inflammatory reaction in the development of T2DM and its macrovascular or microvascular complications 1–3. Interleukins, including IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2 are important inflammatory factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of acarbose and metformin on the inflammatory state in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a one-year randomized clinical study</p>

Mo¹,

Liu²,

Ma³

et al. 2019

DDDT

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the changes in inflammatory biomarkers between newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients under one-year acarbose treatments and those under metformin managements. Methods Seventy patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 32 volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (normal controls, NCs) were enrolled. Seventy patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two subgroups and treated with acarbose (n=34) or metformin (n=36) for 1 year. Blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and inflammatory biomarker levels (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and ferritin) were detected at 0, 6 and 12 months. Results After adjusting for sex, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI), higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), standard meal test 1/2 hr and 2 hr glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2 and ferritin levels were observed in T2DM group than in NCs ( P <0.05). After 6 months of treatment, TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in both subgroups, and IL-6 and ferritin levels were significantly decreased after 12 months ( P <0.05). However, no significant differences in the IL-6, TNF-α and ferritin levels were observed between the two subgroups. Moreover, significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected in the T2DM group than in NCs after 12 months of treatment ( P <0.05). Conclusion Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM exhibited a marked chronic inflammatory state characterized by increased IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and ferritin levels. After 1 year of treatment with acarbose or metformin, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and ferritin levels were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The anti-inflammatory effects of acarbose and metformin were comparable and required a long-term treatment (1 year), but the characteristics were different. Further investigations are needed to determine whether this effect was independent of the hypoglycemic effects.

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Biochemical investigation of gender-specific association between insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in types 2 diabetic patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Sodium pentobarbital dosages for exsanguination affect biochemical, molecular and histological measurements in rats

Sodium pentobarbital dosages for exsanguination affect biochemical, molecular and histological measurements in rats

The relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and the risk of giant cell arteritis – a case–control study

<p>Effects of acarbose and metformin on the inflammatory state in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a one-year randomized clinical study</p>

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