Biochemical Processes for Generating Fuels and Commodity Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Philbrook, Amy; Alissandratos, Apostolos; Easton, Christopher D.

doi:10.5772/55309

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…These authors reported that palmitic acid was the major fatty acid found in extracts from fibers of several flux cultivars. The lignin degradation products detected after biostimulation in this study can be used in applications such as the production of wood adhesives (phenol formaldehyde resins), plastics and resins (phenols), food preservatives (benzoic acid), commercial food sweeteners (cinnamic acids), additives for fragrances, and precursors for pharmaceuticals (Lee and Lee, 1998; Philbrook et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Biodegradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Residual Organic Pollutants of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Biostimulation

Chandra¹,

Sharma²,

Yadav³

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Effluent discharged from the pulp and paper industry contains various refractory and androgenic compounds, even after secondary treatment by activated processes. Detailed knowledge is not yet available regarding the properties of organic pollutants and methods for their bioremediation. This study focused on detecting residual organic pollutants of pulp and paper mill effluent after biological treatment and assessing their degradability by biostimulation. The major compounds identified in the effluent were 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (syringol), methoxycinnamic acid, pentadecane, octadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, cyclotetracosane, 5,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-2,4-bis(phenylmethyl)napthalen-1-ol, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester. Most of these compounds are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and environmental toxicants. Some compounds are lignin monomers that are metabolic products from secondary treatment of the discharged effluent. This indicated that the existing industrial process could not further degrade the effluent. Supplementation by carbon (glucose 1.0%) and nitrogen (peptone 0.5%) bio-stimulated the degradation process. The degraded sample after biostimulation showed either disappearance or generation of metabolic products under optimized conditions, i.e., a stirring rate of 150 rpm and temperature of 37 ± 1°C after 3 and 6 days of bacterial incubation. Isolated potential autochthonous bacteria were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae IITRCP04 (KU715839), Enterobacter cloacae strain IITRCP11 (KU715840), Enterobacter cloacae IITRCP14 (KU715841), and Acinetobacter pittii strain IITRCP19 (KU715842). Lactic acid, benzoic acid, and vanillin, resulting from residual chlorolignin compounds, were generated as potential value-added products during the detoxification of effluent in the biostimulation process, supporting the commercial importance of this process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Biodegradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Residual Organic Pollutants of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Biostimulation

Chandra¹,

Sharma²,

Yadav³

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Vanillin is also produced from lignin and serves as a food flavoring agent (Bandounas et al 2011). Ferulic acid produced from lignin is used as an antioxidant and food additive (Philbrook et al 2013). The structure of lignin also suggests that it could be employed as a source to produce organic chemicals which would offer a renewable solution to the current process which uses petroleum to produce these chemicals.…”

Section: Biodegradation and Bioconversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If efficient bacterial enzymes are identified, lignin could be converted into many industrially relevant chemicals including phenols, aromatics, and olefins (Wyman and Goodman 1993;Hatakeyama 2002;Feldman 2002). These chemicals could be used in existing applications such as the production of wood adhesives (phenol-formaldehyde resins), plastics and resins (phenol), commercial food sweeteners (cinnamic acids), additives for fragrances, and precursors for pharmaceuticals from lignin degradation products (Philbrook et al 2013;Lee and Lee 1998). Vanillin is also produced from lignin and serves as a food flavoring agent (Bandounas et al 2011).…”

Section: Biodegradation and Bioconversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass pretreatment is largely applied to the production of bioethanol from lignocellulose. Biomass pretreatment is the most expensive step of this process (Philbrook et al 2013). Ligninspecific enzymes would be of great value for this process as they would lower pretreatment cost and increase downstream polysaccharide degradation enzyme efficiency.…”

Section: Biodegradation and Bioconversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial biodegradation and bioconversion of industrial lignocellulosic streams

Mathews

Pawlak

Grunden

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

106

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Lignocellulose is a term for plant materials that are composed of matrices of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignocellulose is a renewable feedstock for many industries. Lignocellulosic materials are used for the production of paper, fuels, and chemicals. Typically, industry focuses on transforming the polysaccharides present in lignocellulose into products resulting in the incomplete use of this resource. The materials that are not completely used make up the underutilized streams of materials that contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These underutilized streams have potential for conversion into valuable products. Treatment of these lignocellulosic streams with bacteria, which specifically degrade lignocellulose through the action of enzymes, offers a low-energy and low-cost method for biodegradation and bioconversion. This review describes lignocellulosic streams and summarizes different aspects of biological treatments including the bacteria isolated from lignocellulose-containing environments and enzymes which may be used for bioconversion. The chemicals produced during bioconversion can be used for a variety of products including adhesives, plastics, resins, food additives, and petrochemical replacements.

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“…Application of microbial organisms that could use black liquor for growth would be beneficial in terms of increasing chemical recovery and generation of value-added product(s) that would improve the overall life cycle analysis of the pulping system. Chemical and biological conversion of lignin derived monomers has successfully produced vanillin and cinnamic acid for use as food sweeteners and fragrance additives, phenol used for plastic and resins, and cyclohexane, which could be used for fuel 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Mathews

Ayoub

Pawlak

et al. 2013

JoVE

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The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high quality paper. Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. However, the recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulose resources, its chemical derivatives that constitute the majority of available organic carbon within black liquor, and its basic pH present challenges to microbial biodegradation of this waste material. Methods for the collection and modification of black liquor for microbial growth are aimed at utilization of this pulp waste to convert the lignin, organic acids, and polysaccharide degradation byproducts into valuable chemicals. The lignocellulose extraction techniques presented provide a reproducible method for preparation of lignocellulose growth substrates for understanding metabolic capacities of cultured microorganisms. Use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enables the identification and quantification of the fermentation products resulting from the growth of microorganisms on pulping waste. These methods when used together can facilitate the determination of the metabolic activity of microorganisms with potential to produce fermentation products that would provide greater value to the pulping system and reduce effluent waste, thereby increasing potential paper milling profits and offering additional uses for black liquor. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Biochemical Processes for Generating Fuels and Commodity Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Cited by 17 publications

References 127 publications

RETRACTED: Biodegradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Residual Organic Pollutants of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Biostimulation

RETRACTED: Biodegradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Residual Organic Pollutants of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Biostimulation

Bacterial biodegradation and bioconversion of industrial lignocellulosic streams

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

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