Biochemical Responses in Aquatic Animals: A Review of Determinants of Oxidative Stress

Giulio, Richard T. Di; Washburn, Peter C.; Wenning, Richard J.; Winston, Gary W.; Jewell, Catherine S.E.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1989)8[1103:briaaa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 436 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Antioxidant defenses of fish (Di Giulio et al, 1989; Hahn et al, 2014; Kelly et al, 1998; Timme-Laragy et al, 2013, 2012; Valavanidis et al, 2006; Williams et al, 2013; Winston and Di Giulio, 1991) include enzyme systems and low molecular weight antioxidants are similar to those found in mammals (George, 1994; Richard and Joel, 2008; Stegeman et al, 1992; Timme-Laragy et al, 2013). However, as a result of fish-specific whole genome duplication (Amores et al, 1998; Postlethwait et al, 2004; Taylor et al, 2001), there are several OSR genes in zebrafish that are co-orthologous to mammalian genes that exist as paralogs in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The transcription factor, Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (Nfe2), is a regulator of the oxidative stress response during Danio rerio development

et al. 2016

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Development is a complex and well-defined process characterized by rapid cell proliferation and apoptosis. At this stage in life, a developmentally young organism is more sensitive to toxicants as compared to an adult. In response to pro-oxidant exposure, members of the Cap’n’Collar (CNC) basic leucine zipper (b-ZIP) transcription factor family (including Nfe2 and Nfe2-related factors, Nrfs) activate the expression of genes whose protein products contribute to reduced toxicity. Here, we studied the role of the CNC protein, Nfe2, in the developmental response to pro-oxidant exposure in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Following acute waterborne exposures to diquat or tert-buytlhydroperoxide (tBOOH) at one of three developmental stages, wildtype (WT) and nfe2 knockout (KO) embryos and larvae were morphologically scored and their transcriptomes sequenced. Early in development, KO animals suffered from hypochromia that was made more severe through exposure to pro-oxidants; this phenotype in the KO may be linked to decreased expression of alas2, a gene involved in heme synthesis. WT and KO eleutheroembryos and larvae were phenotypically equally affected by exposure to pro-oxidants, where tBOOH caused more pronounced phenotypes as compared to diquat. Comparing diquat and tBOOH exposed embryos relative to the WT untreated control, a greater number of genes were up-regulated in the tBOOH condition as compared to diquat (tBOOH: 304 vs diquat: 148), including those commonly found to be differentially regulated in the vertebrate oxidative stress response (OSR) (e.g. hsp70.2, txn1, and gsr). When comparing WT and KO across all treatments and times, there were 1170 genes that were differentially expressed, of which 33 are known targets of the Nrf proteins Nrf1 and Nrf2. More specifically, in animals exposed to pro-oxidants a total of 968 genes were differentially expressed between WT and KO across developmental time, representing pathways involved in coagulation, embryonic organ development, body fluid level regulation, erythrocyte differentiation, and oxidation-reduction, amongst others. The greatest number of genes that changed in expression between WT and KO occurred in animals exposed to diquat at 2 h post fertilization (hpf). Across time and treatment, there were six genes (dhx40, cfap70, dnajb9b, slc35f4, spi-c, and gpr19) that were significantly up-regulated in KO compared to WT and four genes (fhad1, cyp4v7, nlrp12, and slc16a6a) that were significantly down-regulated. None of these genes have been previously identified as targets of Nfe2 or the Nrf family. These results demonstrate that the zebrafish Nfe2 may be a regulator of both primitive erythropoiesis and the OSR during development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The transcription factor, Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (Nfe2), is a regulator of the oxidative stress response during Danio rerio development

et al. 2016

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“…Environmental pollutants such as pesticides and heavy metals are typical stressors in crustaceans that can result in hormonal imbalance (Fingerman et al, 1996) and induction of oxidative stress (Dandapat et al, 1999). Recent reports reveal that contaminant-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; also: radicals) and resultant oxidative stress have been indicated as a mechanism of toxic cell death in aquatic organisms exposed to pollution (Di-Giulio et al, 1989;Winston & Di-Giulio, 1991;Livingstone, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Responses and Lipid Peroxidation of Penaeus Indicus Postlarvae Subjected to Sublethal Copper Exposure

Paila¹,

Yallapragada²

2011

Crustac

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sublethal copper concentrations on certain antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in the postlarvae (PL) of Penaeus indicus when subjected to short-and long-term exposure in the laboratory. The PL of P. indicus were exposed to 0.1641 ppm (sublethal) copper for a period of 30 days along with a parallel control. Sampling was carried out at six different time intervals, i.e., 24, 48, and 96 hrs (shortterm), and 10, 20, and 30 days (long-term). Variations in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as lipid peroxidation products (LPP) were measured as biomarkers of metal toxicity. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in LPP (indicating oxidative stress) and CAT activity (indicating an adaptive response of the PL for protection against oxidative stress) in the exposed PL for all periods of exposure. However, SOD activity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased on 20 and 30 days exposure, indicating susceptibility of the PL to oxidative stress upon long-term exposure. Therefore, CAT can serve as a better biomarker of oxidative stress than SOD to long-term copper toxicity. Our results indicate that copper contamination causes oxidative stress even at sublethal doses in Penaeus indicus PL, which can thus be used as a potential biomarker of copper toxicity for long-term monitoring of coastal marine ecosystems. RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer les effets de concentrations subléthales en cuivre sur certaines enzymes antioxydantes et les produits de la péroxydation des lipides chez les postlarves (PL) de Penaeus indicus soumises à de courtes ou longues expositions en laboratoire. Les PL de P. indicus ont été exposées à 0,1641 ppm (dose sublétale) de cuivre pour une période de 30 jours avec des témoins en parallèle. Les prélèvements ont été effectués à des intervalles de temps 1 ) This study was conducted in accordance with the institutional (Andhra University) guidelines for animal experiments. différents, i.e., 24, 48, et 96 h (court terme) et 10, 20, et 30 jours (long terme). Les variations dans les activités des enzymes antioxydantes, catalase (CAT) et dismutase superoxide (SOD), ainsi que les produits de la péroxydation des lipides (LPP) ont été mesurées comme bio-marqueurs de la toxicité métallique. Nos résultats montrent une augmentation significative (P < 0,05) de LPP (signe de stress oxydatif) et d'activité CAT (indiquant une réponse adaptative des PL pour la protection contre le stress oxydatif) chez les PL exposées à toutes les durées d'exposition. Ainsi CAT peut servir de meilleur bio-marqueur que le SOD pour les toxicités de cuivre à long terme. Nos résultats montrent que la contamination par le cuivre cause un évènement de stress oxydatif à des doses sublétales chez les PL de Penaeus indicus, qui peut être utilisé comme un bio-marqueur potentiel de la toxicité du cuivre dans le suivi à long terme des écosystèmes marins.

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“…This response is also called induction of antioxidant enzymes. When the generation of ROS overwhelms the AD system, damages to lipids, proteins and DNA occur and this condition is referred to as oxidative stress [6, 7]. The induction of the antioxidant enzymes gives an early warning on adverse health effects of certain pollutants on living organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Antioxidant Enzymes in Catfish Exposed to Liquid Crystals from E-Waste

Niu

et al. 2008

IJERPH

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Liquid crystals (LCs) are typically elongated organic molecules with a non-uniform distribution of electrical charges leading to a dipole. LCs are widely used in displays of computers and other electronic devices. The rapid obsolescence rate of electronics results in large amounts of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) entering the environment. Data on health effects of LCs on living creatures are currently limited to some acute toxicity tests by a few major LC manufacturers. These tests concluded that the vast majority of LCs are not acutely toxic. Since the amount of LCs in electronic devices is very small, the health effects of LCs at low concentrations or doses become important. Catfish were used as the test animals in this study. Four major enzymes of the fish’s antioxidant defense system catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were chosen as biomarkers to examine effects of LCs, which were taken from obsolete laptop personal computers made in the early 1990s. The catfish were fed with food containing different contents of LCs for 40 days. Activities of the four chosen enzymes in fish livers were assayed. The results showed that there were significant inductions of CAT, SOD, and Se-GPx activities in response to the LC doses. The plots of the enzyme activities versus LC doses suggested an occurrence of oxidative stress when the dose reached about 20 μg LC/g fish·d. It was concluded that LCs can cause pollutant-induced stress to catfish at low doses. CAT, SOD and Se-GPx are effective biomarkers to give early warning on potential health effects of LCs on some aquatic lives including catfish.

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Biochemical Responses in Aquatic Animals: A Review of Determinants of Oxidative Stress

Cited by 436 publications

References 63 publications

The transcription factor, Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (Nfe2), is a regulator of the oxidative stress response during Danio rerio development

The transcription factor, Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (Nfe2), is a regulator of the oxidative stress response during Danio rerio development

Antioxidant Responses and Lipid Peroxidation of Penaeus Indicus Postlarvae Subjected to Sublethal Copper Exposure

Responses of Antioxidant Enzymes in Catfish Exposed to Liquid Crystals from E-Waste

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