Biochemical Studies on the Formation and Composition of Dental Plaque in Relation to Dental Caries: Extracellular Polysaccharides

Green, R.M.; Hayes, Michael L.; Dada, O.A.

doi:10.1177/00220345690480053401

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although the conditions of hydro lysis were favorable for ketohexoses, it appears that levan was practical ly absent in plaque. This finding contradicts the results of McDougall [1964] but corroborates investigations by Leach et al [1969], which could not demonstrate fructose in hydrolysates of the matrix extracted from rat plaque. The loss of fructose attributable to hydrolysis was checked.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Carbohydrates in Pooled Dental Plaque

Hotz

Guggenheim

Schmid³

1972

Caries Res

104

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Dental plaque was collected from approximately 3,500 schoolchildren, and immediately pooled and frozen. The lyophilized plaque was processed in several batches as follows:After an aqueous extraction the water-insoluble portion was further extracted with 1 N KOH. Both aqueous and alkaline extracts were further subfractionated by precipitation at different ethanol concentrations. Nature and composition of carbohydrates in sub-fractions were investigated using acid hydrolysis and end products were identified by gas liquid partition chromatography.29.6% of plaque dry weight, containing 6.9% carbohydrates, 1.2% nitrogen and more than 4% proteins, were water-soluble. The water-insoluble portion (67.1%), contained 11.3% carbohydrates and 7.4% nitrogen; in addition, 30.7% constituents insoluble in 1 N KOH were found. In all subfractions prepared by ethanol precipitations, substantial amounts of material other than carbohydrates were found. The sugar composition of hydrolysates showed glucose to be the main sugar constituent; however, small amounts of pentoses, other hexoses and disaccharides were also present. The water-insoluble matrix polysaccharides containing predominantly α-1,3 linkages were calculated to account for 1.35% of the plaque dry weight/ 5.6% of the plaque dry weight consisted of low molecular water-soluble carbohydrates. Glucose and oligosaccharides forming the bulk of this fraction were assumed to represent intermediates resulting from enzymatic breakdown of α-1,6-linked dextran. The high content of fermentable carbohydrates in dental plaque suggests that microbial activity is not limited by the supply of fermentable substrates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Carbohydrates in Pooled Dental Plaque

Hotz

Guggenheim

Schmid³

1972

Caries Res

104

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“…It is now accepted that streptococci produce extracellular polysaccharide from sugars other than sucrose [L each et al, 1969; C r it c h l e y , 1969], It has also been clearly demonstrated [G reen and H a r tles, 1969] that when mono-and disaccharides are used in rat diets at the 70 % level, they all produce substantial amounts of fissure caries, although sucrose is rather more cariogenic than the others. Leach et al [1969] have shown that the level of levan present in plaque varies considerably in relation to the length of time which has elapsed since sug ar was available to the plaque, and it has been suggested that levan may provide a labile energy store for the plaque bacteria [V an H o u t e , 1968; L ea ch et al, 1969]. If this is so then the ease with which bacteria can synthesise levan from a sugar would be an important factor in deter mining the cariogenicity of any given sugar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Diets Containing Varying Percentages of Sucrose and Maize Starch on Caries in the Albino Rat

Green¹,

Hartles²

1970

Caries Res

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“…Studies have shown that diets containing sucrose promote more plaque growth than diets containing other sugars (Carlsson & Egelberg, 1965;Scheinin & Makinen, 1971); this difference has also been shown after only three days in subjects eating sucrose-containing or sucrose-free sweets (Grenby, Powell & Gleeson, 1974). The finding that levan can be broken down to acids (Leach et al, 1969) suggests that it may act as a carbohydrate reservoir that can be utilised when other sources of carbohydrate in the plaque are depleted.…”

Section: Sucrosementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and dental caries - a review

Andlaw¹

1977

Int J Food Sci Nutr

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THREE RECENT NATIONAL surveys have emphasised the extremely high prevalence of dental caries in Britain (Gray et aL, 1970;Todd & Whitworth, 1974;Todd, 1975). F#.>r example, 71 per cent of five-year-old children have teeth that are decayed or that have been filled or extracted; in eight-year-olds the figure is 91 per cent and in 15-year-olds 97 per cent. The average number of affected teeth in five-year-olds is 3.4, in eight-year-olds 5.0, and in 15-year-olds 8.4. No less than 37 per cent of the adult population in England and Wales have no natural teeth, and in Scotland the figure is 44 per cent.

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Biochemical Studies on the Formation and Composition of Dental Plaque in Relation to Dental Caries: Extracellular Polysaccharides

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Carbohydrates in Pooled Dental Plaque

Carbohydrates in Pooled Dental Plaque

The Effects of Diets Containing Varying Percentages of Sucrose and Maize Starch on Caries in the Albino Rat

Diet and dental caries - a review

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