Biochemical Study of Antioxidant-Oxidant Index in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

The aim of present work was to evaluate and compare the salivary levels of nitric oxide, vitamin C, Total Sialic acid and GSH in cases of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls. The mean nitric oxide level was 27.34±5.51 μmol/l in OSCC group, 22.5±2.33 μmol/l in OPMD group and 10.11±0.88μmol/l in control group. The glutathione reductase activity in control patients was found to be 0.0915 U/ml under optimal pH, temperature and Km. In OPMD group, the GR activity was found to be 0.0515 U/ml. Similarly, the activity in the OSCC group was found to be 0.0292 U/ml. The total sialic acid (TSA) in the saliva of control patients was found to be 41.241±5.3312μg/mL. In the case of OPMD patients, it was 64.25±4.33μg/mL and in the OSCC patients it was, 79.60±6.93 μg/mL., The levels of salivary vitamin C and glutathione were significantly reduced and those of nitric oxide and sialic acid were raised in patients having OPMD’s and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The anti-oxidant to oxidant index (AOI) was measured between NO and vitamin C; NO and GSH; total sialic acid and vitamin C and lastly, total sialic acid and GSH. Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that estimation of Vitamin C, NO, GSH and sialic acid can be suitably used and could assist in the early diagnosis of potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using saliva.