Biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists

Tan, Orkun; Bükülmez, Orhan

doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e328348a3ce

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…A third GnRH isoform, GnRH-III, was isolated from sea lamprey and was also detected in the brain of mammals (Tan and Bukulmez, 2011). This isoform has 60% homology with GnRH-I.…”

Section: Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (Gnrh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Quintanar¹,

Guzmán-Soto²

2013

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of the current literature describing the neural-immune interactions, with emphasis on the most recent findings of the effects of neurohormones on immune system. Particularly, the role of hypothalamic hormones such as Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In the past few years, interest has been raised in extrapituitary actions of these neurohormones due to their receptors have been found in many non-pituitary tissues. Also, the receptors are present in immune cells, suggesting an autocrine or paracrine role within the immune system. In general, these neurohormones have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects on cell proliferation, immune mediators release and cell function. The implications of these findings in understanding the network of hypothalamic neuropeptides and immune system are discussed.

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“…A third GnRH isoform, GnRH-III, was isolated from sea lamprey and was also detected in the brain of mammals (Tan and Bukulmez, 2011). This isoform has 60% homology with GnRH-I.…”

Section: Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (Gnrh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Quintanar¹,

Guzmán-Soto²

2013

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…LH-antagonists may be used in the near future to reverse the effect of LH and to aid in the treatment of ovarian cancer (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteinizing hormone compromises the inï¿½vivo anti-tumor effect of cisplatin on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic regimen used to treat patients with ovarian cancer. However, the emergence of drug resistance to platinum compromises the clinical success of this treatment. Epithelial ovarian cancer is usually accompanied by an increased level of luteinizing hormone (LH). Therefore, the effect of LH on platinum resistance requires further investigation. In the current study, the effect of cisplatin and/or LH on platinum resistance was examined using the SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8 models. Following therapy, tumors were examined for proliferation (ki67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). Cisplatin alone and in combination with LH significantly inhibited tumor growth in SKOV3ip1-and HeyA8-implanted mice. Treatment with LH alone had minimal effect in the models. However, treatment with cisplatin combined with LH was less effective than treatment with cisplatin alone. Additionally, ki67 counts were significantly increased and cleaved caspase-3 counts were significantly reduced in mice treated with cisplatin combined with LH compared with mice treated with cisplatin alone. Such results indicate that LH weakens the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin in vivo and that LH may contribute to the development of drug resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer.

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“…The potent action of both GnRH agonists and antagonists is enabled by amino acid substitutions in the native GnRH decapeptide chain. 8 In ART, two GnRH-An are currently available for clinical use: Ganirelix and Cetrorelix, both are subcutaneous injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovulation Escape in a Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist In Vitro Fertilization Cycle is Not an All or None Phenomenon: A Case Report

2016

Reproductive Biology Insights

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Case presentation of a healthy G2P2 patient in her late 30s, treated with in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection for severe male factor infertility. The patient was treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycle (GnRH-An). GnRH-An (Cetrorelix) daily injections were started on cycle day 7 and switched to a different GnRH-An preparation (Ganirelix) due to an allergic reaction. Serum hormone levels and ultrasound monitoring were uneventful until day 13, when a corpus luteum cyst was detected, in addition to multiple intact follicles. Serum progesterone increased to 45 nmol/L, while serum luteinizing hormone (LH) remained low. Thirty-six hours following a day 13 human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) triggering, 18 cumulus-oocyte complexes were successfully retrieved, resulting in the development of two blastocysts. This is an example for an isolated single-follicle ovulation without compromising the rest of the cohort. A possible explanation is an increased concentration of LH receptors on a specific follicle or increased sensitivity to endogenous GnRH in GnRH-An cycles. Clinicians facing a similar scenario should consider not cancelling the cycle in case additional intact follicles are present.

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Biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists

Cited by 38 publications

References 81 publications

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Luteinizing hormone compromises the inï¿½vivo anti-tumor effect of cisplatin on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells

Ovulation Escape in a Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist In Vitro Fertilization Cycle is Not an All or None Phenomenon: A Case Report

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