Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review

Chemical Residues in Animal Food Products: An Issue of Public Health

“…These last named alkaloids seem to be responsible for coturnism, a human disease which occurs following the consumption of migrating wild European quail; it is characterised by weakness, muscular pain, paralysis of the legs, vomiting and myoglobinuria. It has been postulated that these symptoms occur due to the accumulation of coniin in birds' tissues following the consumption of Conium maculatum (López & Bianchini, 1999).…”

Hemlock (Conium Maculatum) Poisoning In A Child

“…[1] Poisoning in humans can be caused by ingestion of the plant, but may also be caused by ingestion of meat from the aforementioned animals. [2] Piperidine alkaloids, such as coniine and γ-coniceine, contained within the plant play an important role in the development of poisoning. [2,3] Coniine is an alkaloid which is neurotoxic for humans and which causes death via respiratory paralysis.…”

“…[2] Piperidine alkaloids, such as coniine and γ-coniceine, contained within the plant play an important role in the development of poisoning. [2,3] Coniine is an alkaloid which is neurotoxic for humans and which causes death via respiratory paralysis. Famous philosopher Socrates died from hemlock poisoning in 399 BC.…”

Death with Hemlock Poisoning: a case report

“…Coniin sıçan veya kedi idrarına benzer kokuda, renksiz, çabuk buharlaşan ve kloroformda çözü-nen bir sıvıdır. Bu alkaloid 30-60 mg düzeyinde toksik semptomlara neden olmakta ve 100 mg sonrası düzeylerde ise letal etki göstermektedir (3)(4)(5).…”