Biocide vs. Eco-Friendly Antifoulants: Role of the Antioxidative Defence and Settlement in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Parisi, Costantino; Sandonnini, Jessica; Coppola, Maria Rosaria; Madonna, Adriano; Abdel‐Gawad, Fagr Kh.; Sivieri, Emidio M.; Guerriero, Giulia

doi:10.3390/jmse10060792

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In the middle of the last century, highly effective antifouling paints based on organotin compounds were developed. Among them, the best known are tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) and tributyltin oxide (TBT) due to their increased fungicidal action by inhibiting the growth of fouling organisms at low concentrations and with oxidative stress phenomena (Parisi et al, 2022;Galvão et al, 2021). At the beginning of the 1990s, the use of organotin compounds was banned, due to their high toxicity, which affected the populations of mussels, and oysters, caused sex changes in marine snails, the behavior of fish, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antifouling biocides are active chemical compounds, which have the role of destroying, controlling, or preventing the action of any organism considered harmful to the environment. Its effectiveness is determined by a series of physicochemical factors, the type of biocide as well as its chemical interaction with salt water (Jin et al, 2022;Parisi et al, 2022). In the development of antifouling coatings, more emphasis is placed on the interaction between the physical-chemical parameters of seawater and the active substances in the composition of antifouling paints (AF) (Fig.…”

Section: Interaction Between Antifouling Coatings and Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical versus Natural Biocide Compounds - Minireview on Antifouling Coatings

Apetroaei,

Schröder,

Iancu

et al. 2024

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Marine biofouling is an old problem, known and studied for centuries, since the beginning of navigation. The accumulation of marine biofouling begins on the submerged portion of an ocean-going vessel or on any installation (equipments, pipes, platforms, etc.) within minutes of contact with seawater. Over time, this accumulation increases the ship's resistance, leading to increases in the physical resistance of the ship in the water, with negative consequences on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, high maintenance costs (due to corrosion), and a negative impact on the marine environment (due to the release of toic bioactive compounds into the environment and the transfer of invasive species). These environmental issues were identified and recognized by the IMO, which in the early 1990s, through the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), adopted a resolution recommending that member governments adopt measures to eliminate TBT-based antifouling paints. These recommendations have led to the identification, development, and application of new antifouling technologies that could provide the maritime industry with a significant potential opportunity with an innovative, cost-effective, and efficient approach to the effects of marine biofouling. Our study aimed to make a small incursion in time, through the specialized literature on methods used to combat marine fouling, to highlight new research approaches to the identification and use of natural biocides to replace chemical ones. The targeting of research directions towards the identification of the most environmentally friendly antifouling compounds, in particular natural marine compounds, has been a focus of international researchers in recent years. To achieve this goal, going back to nature is currently the best option, as it could provide us with very effective models for research and development of antifouling coatings. In the development and modeling of new antifouling paints, the influence of the physical-chemical parameters of seawater (pH, salinity, temperature) on the chemical components (active groups) of the biocides used should not be ignored. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of developing new antifouling paint technologies using biodegradable, non-toic, and environmentally friendly compounds according to international legislation. In recent years there has been an increasing emphasis in research studies on the combination of natural biocides (obtained through the valorization of marine wastes) with natural or synthetic hydrogels whose action is to minimize the attachment of marine fouling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Between Antifouling Coatings and Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical versus Natural Biocide Compounds - Minireview on Antifouling Coatings

Apetroaei,

Schröder,

Iancu

et al. 2024

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“…In recent decades, various species of bivalves have been tested in both field and laboratory studies as indicators of the water-sediment interface ( Goulletquer and Heral, 1997 ; Blaise et al, 2002 ; Bebianno et al, 2004 ; Matozzo and Gagné, 2016 ). In particular, mussels of the genus Mytilus have been successfully tested worldwide in a number of field studies as sentinel organisms to examine the effects of pollutants in marine coastal waters ( Goldberg, 1975 ; Kraak et al, 1992 ; Da Ros et al, 2000 ; Broeg and Lehtonen, 2006 ; Zorita et al, 2007 ; Cravo et al, 2009 ; Parisi et al, 2022 ). Functional responses have been used in the field of ecotoxicology as biomarkers or stress indexes to assess the effects of pollutants on environmental quality ( Anderson, 1988 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxic effects of exposure to the antifouling copper(I) biocide on target and nontarget bivalve species: a comparative in vitro study between Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum

Cima,

Varello

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Edible bivalves constitute an important bioresource from an economic point of view, and studies on their immune responses to environmental pollutants are crucial for both the preservation of biodiversity and economic reasons. The worldwide diffusion of copper(I)-based antifouling paints has increased copper leaching into coastal environments and its potential impact on both target and nontarget organisms. In this study, immunotoxicity assays were carried out with short-term (60 min) cultures of hemocytes from the bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis—a mussel dominant in the macrofouling community—and Ruditapes philippinarum—a clam dominant in the soft-sediment community—exposed to CuCl to compare the toxic effects on their immune responses. The LC50 values were similar, 40 μM (3.94 mg L-1) for the mussel and 44 μM (4.33 mg L-1) for the clam. In both species, apoptosis occurred after exposure to 1 µM (98.9 μg L-1) CuCl, the concentration able to significantly increase the intracellular Ca2+ content. Biomarkers of cell morphology and motility revealed microfilament disruption, a significant decrease in yeast phagocytosis and lysosome hydrolase (β-glucuronidase) inhibition beginning from 0.5 µM (49.5 μg L-1) CuCl in both the mussel and clam. The same concentration of CuCl affected biomarkers of oxidative stress, as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione content in the cytoplasm and inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) were detected in both species. Comparison of the biomarkers showed that clam is more sensitive than the mussel regarding alterations to the lysosomal membrane and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which supports the potential harmful effects of antifouling biocides on the survival of nontarget pivotal species in the coastal community.

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“…Parisi et al (2022) [10] present an extensive review on the comparative effects of commonly used antifoulant paints containing biocides and eco-friendly antifoulants on the antioxidative defence mechanism and larval settlement of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. According to the authors, knowledge of these parameters could aid the development of antifoulants with low or zero environmental impact in order to reach one of the goals of the U.N.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%