Biocides – resistance, cross-resistance mechanisms and assessment

Gnanadhas, Divya Prakash; Marathe, Sandhya Amol; Chakravortty, Dipshikha

doi:10.1517/13543784.2013.748035

Cited by 100 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Biological fluids, like blood, serum, and plasma, completely inhibited the antibacterial activity of uncapped AgNPs. With the emergence of multidrug resistance, treatment for bacterial infections has become very challenging (50)(51)(52)(53). Interest has been generated for AgNPs because of their excellent antimicrobial properties (39,54).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Serum Proteins Affects Their Antimicrobial Activity In Vivo

Gnanadhas

Thomas

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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150

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dThe emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global threat for human society. There exist recorded data that silver was used as an antimicrobial agent by the ancient Greeks and Romans during the 8th century. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of potential interest because of their effective antibacterial and antiviral activities, with minimal cytotoxic effects on the cells. However, very few reports have shown the usage of AgNPs for antibacterial therapy in vivo. In this study, we deciphered the importance of the chosen methods for synthesis and capping of AgNPs for their improved activity in vivo. The interaction of AgNPs with serum albumin has a significant effect on their antibacterial activity. It was observed that uncapped AgNPs exhibited no antibacterial activity in the presence of serum proteins, due to the interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. However, capped AgNPs [with citrate or poly(vinylpyrrolidone)] exhibited antibacterial properties due to minimized interactions with serum proteins. The damage in the bacterial membrane was assessed by flow cytometry, which also showed that only capped AgNPs exhibited antibacterial properties, even in the presence of BSA. In order to understand the in vivo relevance of the antibacterial activities of different AgNPs, a murine salmonellosis model was used. It was conclusively proved that AgNPs capped with citrate or PVP exhibited significant antibacterial activities in vivo against Salmonella infection compared to uncapped AgNPs. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of capping agents and the synthesis method for AgNPs in their use as antimicrobial agents for therapeutic purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Serum Proteins Affects Their Antimicrobial Activity In Vivo

Gnanadhas

Thomas

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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150

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“…preservatives), where their antibacterial effect may depend upon inhibition of a single cellular target, and biocide tolerance is more likely to arise [21]. Lastly, for both drugs and biocides, knowledge of mechanism of action enables us to select combinations of agent that inhibit multiple cellular targets, thereby reducing the risk of resistance or tolerance emerging [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Cushnie

O’Driscoll

Lamb

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

158

124

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“…riclosan is a bisphenolic biocide widely used in various domestic cleaning products, such as toothpaste, soaps, and cosmetics, and hospital equipment (1). The increasing use of triclosan in domestic products has raised concerns about its role in selecting for triclosan-resistant bacterial strains that exhibit cross-resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Triclosan Can Select for an AdeIJK-Overexpressing Mutant of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 That Displays Reduced Susceptibility to Multiple Antibiotics

Fernando

Loewen

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In order to determine if triclosan can select for mutants of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 that display reduced susceptibilities to antibiotics, we isolated a triclosan-resistant mutant, A. baumannii AB042, by serial passaging of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 in growth medium supplemented with triclosan. The antimicrobial susceptibility of AB042 was analyzed by the 2-fold serial dilution method. Expression of five different resistance-nodulation-division (RND) pump-encoding genes (adeB, adeG, adeJ, A1S_2818, and A1S_3217), two outer membrane porin-encoding genes (carO and oprD), and the MATE family pump-encoding gene abeM was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR. A. baumannii AB042 exhibited elevated resistance to multiple antibiotics, including piperacillin-tazobactam, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in addition to triclosan. Genome sequencing of A. baumannii AB042 revealed a 116 G¡V mutation in fabI, the gene encoding the target enzyme for triclosan. Expression analysis of efflux pumps showed overexpression of the AdeIJK pump, and sequencing of adeN, the gene that encodes the repressor of the adeIJK operon, revealed a 73-bp deletion which would cause a premature termination of translation, resulting in an inactive truncated AdeN protein. This work shows that triclosan can select for mutants of A. baumannii that display reduced susceptibilities to multiple antibiotics from chemically distinct classes in addition to triclosan resistance. This multidrug resistance can be explained by the overexpression of the AdeIJK efflux pump.

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Biocides – resistance, cross-resistance mechanisms and assessment

Cited by 100 publications

References 148 publications

Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Serum Proteins Affects Their Antimicrobial Activity In Vivo

Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Serum Proteins Affects Their Antimicrobial Activity In Vivo

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Triclosan Can Select for an AdeIJK-Overexpressing Mutant of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 That Displays Reduced Susceptibility to Multiple Antibiotics

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