Biocompatibility and biodegradability of polyacrylate/ZnO nanocomposite during the activated sludge treatment process

Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) has broad applications because of its nanoscopical dimension, large specific surface area, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. Researchers recently discovered that nHAP synthesized in vitro inhibits the growth of different types of tumor cells. Nanohydroxyapatite with potent drug adsorption and loading capacity has potential applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Because local tumors and areas of tumor metastasis also produce pathological nHAP in vivo to promote progression and invasion, the role of nHAP in tumorigenesis and development is perceived literature by many as Janus, the double‐faced deity in ancient Roman mythology. In the present review, two types of nHAP (those synthesized in vitro and those produced in vivo) that are affiliated with tumors, their mechanisms in tumor progression as well as their applications in tumor treatment are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research in this exciting, yet controversial arena.

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“…The nHAP microspheres may be used as a substitute for glass microspheres because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. [ 112 ]…”

Section: Nanohydroxyapatite In Antitumor Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Janus Nature of Nanohydroxyapatite in Tumor Progression

Shen

Wan

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Khan et al reported the enhanced biocompatibility of ZnO NPs by conjugation with Au and Ag NPs. , Rao et al reported the synthesis of biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan-ZnO NCs . Similarly, Zhu and co-workers studied the enhanced biocompatibility of polyacrylate/ZnO NCs . Although these systems could downregulate the toxicity of the ZnO NPs toward the studied cells, requirement of sophisticated synthetic protocols, arguable stability under harsh conditions, and inordinate costing crippled their therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 Similarly, Zhu and co-workers studied the enhanced biocompatibility of polyacrylate/ZnO NCs. 28 Although these systems could downregulate the toxicity of the ZnO NPs toward the studied cells, requirement of sophisticated synthetic protocols, arguable stability under harsh conditions, and inordinate costing crippled their therapeutic applications. Lately, clay matrixes have offered an inveigle opportunity considering their large scale availability, stability under harsh conditions, well studied biocompatibility as well as proven medicinal and cosmetic significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Efficacy of ZnO/Bentonite (Clay) Nanocomposites against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

Behera,

Khan,

Singh

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has spurred the exploration of therapeutic nanomaterials such as ZnO nanoparticles. However, the inherent nonspecific toxicity of ZnO has posed a significant obstacle to their clinical utilization. In this research, we propose a novel approach to improve the selectivity of the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles by impregnating them onto a less toxic clay mineral, Bentonite, resulting in ZB nanocomposites (ZB NCs). We hypothesize that these ZB NCs not only reduce toxicity toward both normal and carcinogenic cell lines but also retain the antibacterial properties of pure ZnO nanoparticles. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized ZB NCs by using a precipitation technique and confirmed their structural characteristics through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Electron microscopy revealed composite particles in the size range of 20–50 nm. The BET surface area of ZB NCs, within a relative pressure (P/P 0) range of 0.407–0.985, was estimated to be 31.182 m2/g. Notably, 50 mg/mL ZB NCs demonstrated biocompatibility with HCT 116 and HEK 293 cell lines, supported by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis. In vitro experiments further confirmed a remarkable five-log reduction in the population of MDR Escherichia coli in the presence of 50 mg/mL of ZB NCs. Antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was also validated in the HEK293 and HCT 116 cell lines. These findings substantiate our hypothesis and underscore the effectiveness of ZB NCs against MDR E. coli while minimizing nonspecific toxicity toward healthy cells.

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“…Once doped, they display new properties, e.g., electrical conductivity, magnetic, magneto-optical, photocatalytic, antibacterial and optical [ 74 , 161 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 ]. At present, various ZnO nanostructures are being used in attempts to produce a new generation of light-emitting diodes [ 233 , 234 ], lasers [ 235 ], field emission devices [ 236 , 237 ], memory carriers [ 238 , 239 ], solar cells [ 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 ], liquid crystals [ 247 ], polymer nanocomposites [ 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 ], food packaging materials [ 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 ], transparent ultraviolet light absorbers in unplasticised polymers [ 259 ], catalysts [ 260 ], photoluminescent NPs [ 261 ], photocatalysts ...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphologies

2020

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material due to its exceptional physicochemical properties and broad usefulness. The special properties resulting from the reduction of the material size from the macro scale to the nano scale has made the application of ZnO nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) more popular in numerous consumer products. In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to the development of various methods of ZnO NMs synthesis, which above all meet the requirements of the green chemistry approach. The application of the microwave heating technology when obtaining ZnO NMs enables the development of new methods of syntheses, which are characterised by, among others, the possibility to control the properties, repeatability, reproducibility, short synthesis duration, low price, purity, and fulfilment of the eco-friendly approach criterion. The dynamic development of materials engineering is the reason why it is necessary to obtain ZnO NMs with strictly defined properties. The present review aims to discuss the state of the art regarding the microwave synthesis of undoped and doped ZnO NMs. The first part of the review presents the properties of ZnO and new applications of ZnO NMs. Subsequently, the properties of microwave heating are discussed and compared with conventional heating and areas of application are presented. The final part of the paper presents reactants, parameters of processes, and the morphology of products, with a division of the microwave synthesis of ZnO NMs into three primary groups, namely hydrothermal, solvothermal, and hybrid methods.

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Biocompatibility and biodegradability of polyacrylate/ZnO nanocomposite during the activated sludge treatment process

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

The Janus Nature of Nanohydroxyapatite in Tumor Progression

The Janus Nature of Nanohydroxyapatite in Tumor Progression

Antibacterial Efficacy of ZnO/Bentonite (Clay) Nanocomposites against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphologies

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