Biocompatibility and strength retention of biodegradable Mg‐Ca‐Zn alloy bone implants

Cho, Sung Youn; Chae, Soo Won; Choi, Kuiwon; Seok, Hyun‐Kwang; Kim, Yu Chan; Jung, Jae‐Young; Yang, Seok-Jo; Kwon, Gyeong Je; Kim, Jong Tack; Assad, Michel

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.32813

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Next, we applied ex vivo µCT imaging as a method of higher sensitivity and resolution and found that the callus was fully developed already by day 14 in mice in 15 which the fracture was stabilized by a Mg2Ag pin, a time point at which callus formation just started to begin in the control group (Fig. 5b).…”

Section: Imaging Of Implant Position Degradation and Fracture Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various biodegradable materials, magnesium (Mg) and Mgcontaining alloys have a long history in the musculoskeletal field [7]. Based on their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similar mechanical properties to bone, many studies investigated the use of Mg and its alloys for applications in orthopedic surgery [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition to its favorable mechanical properties, Mg has been shown to increase osteoblast differentiation in vitro [18,19] and to induce new bone formation in vivo [13], demonstrating a high osteogenic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the challenges with Mg implants are the degradation rate and the biocompatibility [13][14][15]. For instance, Mg-Calcium alloys are biocompatible but degrade quite rapidly [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramedullary Mg2Ag nails augment callus formation during fracture healing in mice

Jähn¹,

Saito

Taipaleenmäki

et al. 2016

Acta Biomaterialia

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Intramedullary stabilization is frequently used to treat long bone fractures. Implants usually remain unless complications arise. Since implant removal can become technically very challenging with the potential to cause further tissue damage, biodegradable materials are emerging as alternative options. Magnesium (Mg)-based biodegradable implants have a controllable degradation rate and good tissue compatibility, which makes them attractive for musculoskeletal research. Here we report for the first time the implantation of intramedullary nails made of an Mg alloy containing 2% silver (Mg2Ag) into intact and fractured femora of mice. Prior in vitro analyses revealed an inhibitory effect of Mg2Ag degradation products on osteoclast differentiation and function with no impair of osteoblast function. In vivo, Mg2Ag implants degraded under non-fracture and fracture conditions within 210 days and 133 days, respectively. During fracture repair, osteoblast function and subsequent bone formation were enhanced, while osteoclast activity and bone resorption were decreased, leading to an augmented callus formation. We observed a widening of the femoral shaft under steady state and regenerating conditions, which was at least in part due to an uncoupled bone remodeling. However, Mg2Ag implants did not cause any systemic adverse effects. These data suggest that Mg2Ag implants might be promising for intramedullary fixation of long bone fractures, a novel concept that has to be further investigated in future studies.

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Section: Imaging Of Implant Position Degradation and Fracture Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramedullary Mg2Ag nails augment callus formation during fracture healing in mice

Jähn¹,

Saito

Taipaleenmäki

et al. 2016

Acta Biomaterialia

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“…In addition, harmful reactions in local tissues have not been observed in the histological findings. Likewise in another experiment, the blood samples of rabbits did not show a large gap as compared to the normal levels . Not only the tissues around the screws, but also the lungs, liver, intestines, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen showed no histological abnormalities in other experiments .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Radiological, histological, and hematological evaluation of hydroxyapatite‐coated resorbable magnesium alloy screws placed in rabbit tibia

et al. 2016

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Titanium (Ti) screw has excellent mechanical property, and osseointegration capacity. However, they require surgery for removal. In contrast, polymer screws are resorbable, but they have poor mechanical properties. In this research, magnesium alloy screws (WE43: Mg-Y-Nd-Zr) that have advantages of titanium and polymer were manufactured. In addition, to increase biocompatibility and control degradation rate, the Mg alloy was coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). Torsion test and corrosion test were performed in vitro. For clinical, radiological and histological evaluation, on the eight rabbits, two HA-coated screws were installed in left tibia, and two noncoated screws were installed in right tibia. Each four rabbits were sacrificed 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. For hematological evaluation, the same type of screws were installed on both legs. Complete blood count (CBC), Mg concentrate were sampled from the ear central artery on the operation day for a control point, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Mg alloy screws have no differences of biocompatibility according to the HA coating. However, resorption of screw was slower in case of the HA coating. The hematological problem related releasing of Mg was not found. The results suggest that Mg alloy screws have feasibility for clinical application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1636-1644, 2017.

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“…Besides, it has been reported that the Mg 2+ ion, released by Mg alloy, could efficiently irritate osteoblasts growing and bone regeneration . Still, it has some deficiencies, such as its rapid degradation rate and insufficient mechanical property . A rapid loss of mechanical stability could not provide enough protection for fracture healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel biodegradable Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys for use as resorbable bone fixation implant

Dai

Luo

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Magnesium (Mg) alloy is gaining more interest because of its degradability and osteogenic potential. Still, it has some deficiencies, such as its rapid degradation rate, insufficient mechanical property. This research aimed to design a novel biodegradable Mg-argentum (Ag)-yttrium (Y) alloy, and Y was added to improve degradable and mechanical property. Mg-Ag-Y alloys were characterized for mechanical features, practicabilities in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical features results shown that this novel component was similar to native bone tissue in elastic moduli, tensile, and compressive stress. Then mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded in alloys to assess cell toxicity in vitro. The results showed that its aqueous extract was suitable for MSCs adhesion and proliferation. Then the alloy was evaluated for biomedical applications in nonfractured distal femora of Sprague Dawley rats for 6 weeks, compared with those of pure-Mg and stainless steel groups. All rats survived, and hematological and histological evaluation showed no abnormal physiology 6 weeks postimplantation, and measurements of serum Mg concentration were within normal levels. X-ray scanning, microcomputed tomography, and histological examinations were performed to evaluate the degradability and osteogenic potential. The results indicated that the degradation rate of alloy was 0.91 mm per year, (range 0.77-1.22 mm), and pure-Mg 1.80 mm per year (1.43-2.26 mm). The new bone quantity was 3.18 mm (1.46-4.44 mm ) in Mg-Ag-Y alloys group, 1.39 mm (0.54-2.32 mm ) in pure-Mg group, and none in stainless steel group. These promising results suggest potential clinical application of Mg-Ag-Y alloys for use as resorbable bone fixation implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2059-2069, 2018.

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Biocompatibility and strength retention of biodegradable Mg‐Ca‐Zn alloy bone implants

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Intramedullary Mg2Ag nails augment callus formation during fracture healing in mice

Intramedullary Mg2Ag nails augment callus formation during fracture healing in mice

Radiological, histological, and hematological evaluation of hydroxyapatite‐coated resorbable magnesium alloy screws placed in rabbit tibia

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel biodegradable Mg‐Ag‐Y alloys for use as resorbable bone fixation implant

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